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14 min 50 sec
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Optimal: How to Sustain Personal and Organizational Excellence Every Day

Shows how emotional intelligence can turn occasional good days into a steady state of focus and productivity. It also shows how leaders can hire for it, train it and build it into a team's culture.

Table of Content

Most working weeks hold a few hours of sharp, easy focus and many more lost to distraction, stress or friction with other people. In Optimal, science writer Daniel Goleman and Rutgers psychologist Cary Cherniss report that people in their best state can get up to five times as much done as on an ordinary day. Their case is that this state is no lucky streak reserved for athletes. It can be held day after day, and the skill that holds it is emotional intelligence: managing your own feelings while reading and caring about other people’s.

More than twenty-five years after Goleman’s first book on the subject, the two authors follow that idea from a single mind out to a whole company. They begin with attention, then move to crises and teams, then hiring and training, and finally the skills that gain value as machines take on more work. What you get is a set of habits for keeping a good day steady, and a sharper eye for what makes a leader worth following.

Flow feels wonderful, then disappears for weeks. The authors describe a different target, one that studies link to a startling jump in output, and it depends less on luck than on how you handle feelings.

Top athletes describe a concentration so deep that the crowd disappears. Neuroscience has a name for that state, and the authors argue ordinary workers can practice their way toward it with surprisingly simple habits.

When everything breaks at once, feelings look like a luxury a manager cannot afford. One property manager’s handling of repeated emergencies, and a striking shift in what companies ask of executives, suggest the opposite.

Google set out to learn why some of its teams beat others. The factor that came out on top was psychological safety, an idea the authors tie closely to emotional intelligence.

Ask candidates to rate their own empathy and the answers may mislead, since people can lack self-awareness or overrate their abilities. A question favored by the head of JPMorgan Chase offers a sharper way to see who someone really is.

A single course is not enough; the authors say EI training has to be ongoing. The authors identify the handful of features that separate training which changes behavior from training which fades, and one of them depends entirely on the people at the top.

As automation spreads, many people fear their human skills will count for less. The chief executives of Salesforce and Apple point toward a different combination of abilities, and younger workers are already demanding it.

What Optimal adds up to is a new answer to where a good day comes from. Most people treat it as luck: the right mood, an empty calendar, no difficult colleagues. Goleman and Cherniss place it in skills that can be practiced. Inside one person, those skills are attention and self-awareness. Between people, they are empathy and steady emotions under pressure. Across an organization, they show up in who gets hired, how training runs and whether the people at the top behave the way they ask others to.

The property manager facing a series of crises, Google’s best teams and Jamie Dimon’s question about one’s own child all point the same way. Performance holds when emotions are handled well, in yourself and in the people around you.

The book supports a modest start. Take a short breathing pause before demanding work, and check in with yourself a few times a day, correcting the inner voice when it turns unfair. If you lead others, ask how people are coping in the same breath as you ask about the problem, and judge any training by whether practice and leaders’ involvement continue once the course ends.

Five times the output is the headline number. The deeper promise is a working day you can repeat.

About this book

What is this book about?

Most people know what a great working day feels like: clear focus, easy ideas, nothing pulling at their attention. The trouble is that such days seem to arrive by chance. Daniel Goleman and Cary Cherniss argue that they don't have to. They describe an optimal state of steady focus and creativity, and they point to studies suggesting that people in that state may achieve as much as five times the usual productivity. The skill that keeps you there, they argue, is emotional intelligence: managing your own feelings while understanding and empathizing with others. More than twenty-five years after Goleman's first book on the subject, the two authors follow the idea from attention and mindfulness to crisis leadership, Google's research on psychological safety, hiring methods endorsed by Jamie Dimon and the training features that make the skills last. Readers get practical habits for steadying their own attention, a clearer picture of what emotionally intelligent leadership looks like under pressure, and a view of why these human skills gain value as automation spreads.

Book Information

Rating:

Genre:

Personal Development, Workplace Culture

Topics:

Burnout, Emotional Intelligence, Flow, Future of Work

Publisher:

HarperCollins

Language:

English

Narrator:

Peter

First published:

January 9, 2024

Pages:

260

Length:

14 min 50 sec

Get the book:

Amazon

Who it's for

  • Wanting steadier focus

    Knowledge workers whose best days feel random and who want steadier focus.

  • HR teams and managers

    Managers and HR teams deciding how to hire, assess and train for emotional intelligence.

  • Professionals under stress

    Professionals worn down by stress who want simple attention and self-awareness habits.

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About the Author

Daniel Goleman

Daniel Goleman covered the brain and behavioral sciences for The New York Times for twelve years. He was twice nominated for the Pulitzer Prize, and the American Psychological Association gave him a Lifetime Achievement Award for his media writing. His book Emotional Intelligence spent eighteen months on the New York Times bestseller list and has been published in 40 languages. Cary Cherniss is a professor of psychology at Rutgers.

Ratings & Reviews

Ratings at a glance

3.6

Overall score based on 117 ratings.

What people think

Listeners value the actionable structure provided for reaching organizational success, even if some listeners believe the material treads similar territory as the authors' previous books on emotional intelligence. They appreciate the deep dive into the "optimal state," pointing out its focus on internal awareness and mindfulness as ways to keep performance levels high while avoiding burnout. Furthermore, many point to the effective strategies for managing teams and resolving conflicts, where one listener mentions the "trigger log" exercise as an especially beneficial method for regulating emotions. Listeners also observe that the work offers a distinct explanation of how various forms of empathy can improve the safety and culture of a workplace.

Top reviews

Anna

Wow. This was exactly what I needed to read as I transition into a senior management role. Goleman and Cherniss offer a brilliant synthesis of mindfulness and leadership that goes beyond just 'being nice' to your coworkers. The breakdown of organizational awareness and the four core components of EI provided a language for things I’ve felt but couldn't articulate. I’ve never read their earlier work, so everything felt fresh and vital to my daily routine. The chapters on coaching and relationship management are gold mines for anyone looking to inspire their team. Not gonna lie, I’ve already started implementing the 'check-in' norms in our Monday morning meetings, and the energy shift is palpable. A must-read for the modern, stressed-out professional who wants to maintain excellence without losing their soul.

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Leo

Finally got around to reading this, and it’s a masterpiece of organizational psychology. The way Goleman and Cherniss connect individual emotional balance to the health of an entire company is seamless. I loved the deep dive into the three types of empathy—cognitive, emotional, and empathic concern—and how they specifically apply to different leadership challenges. This isn't just about 'feeling good'; it’s about the hard science of focus and the neuroplasticity of the brain. The strategies for handling work-family conflict and finding a sense of control were particularly resonant for me. It’s rare to find a business book that also prioritizes human well-being so deeply. This is going to be my go-to gift for all my fellow managers this year. It provides a truly holistic framework for excellence.

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Pick

After hearing so much about the 'optimal state,' I decided to give this a shot to help manage my team’s mounting stress. The authors do a great job of breaking down how inner focus and psychological safety can prevent burnout without sacrificing productivity. I specifically appreciated the 'trigger log' exercise; it’s a tangible tool that helped me identify exactly when I lose my cool during high-stakes meetings. While some sections regarding the three types of empathy felt slightly academic, the overall framework for organizational excellence is solid. It’s not a revolutionary manifesto, yet it provides a clear, practical roadmap for any leader trying to build a healthier culture. Sometimes we need a reminder of the basics, and this book delivers them with professional clarity and actionable advice for the workplace.

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David

As someone who struggles with perfectionism, the concept of the 'optimal state' was a game-changer for my mental health. Instead of chasing that elusive, high-intensity 'flow,' Goleman argues for a state of calm, focused agility that you can actually sustain every day. This shift in perspective helped me lower my cortisol levels while actually getting more done. The book shines when it discusses team dynamics and the importance of psychological safety. My only gripe is that the middle sections on 'outer focus' felt a bit disconnected from the personal growth aspect. Still, the advice on conflict management and building trust is incredibly relevant for anyone working in a high-pressure environment. It’s a pragmatic, thoughtful guide to staying sane and effective in the modern corporate world.

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Pracha

The chapter on conflict management alone makes this worth the read. I’ve always struggled with 'emotional hijacking' during heated debates, and the strategies for pausing and shifting perspectives were immediately applicable to my life. Personally, I found the authors' distinction between 'inner,' 'other,' and 'outer' focus to be a very helpful framework for balancing my workload. The book is definitely on the longer side, and it does repeat itself in the later chapters, which can be a bit frustrating for a fast reader. However, the quality of the insights regarding group norms and psychological safety far outweighs the fluff. It’s a grounded, intelligent look at how we can show up as our best selves without burning out by Friday afternoon. A solid addition to any leadership library.

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Gun

Ever wonder why some days you’re 'on' and others you’re just dragging through the mud? This book attempts to answer that by defining a sustainable 'optimal' middle ground. To be fair, the distinction between flow and this optimal state is interesting—one is a peak experience, while the other is about consistent, calm performance. However, the prose is a bit dry, and I found myself skimming through the parts about Microsoft and Satya Nadella. The tone is very 'corporate consultant,' which might turn off readers looking for a more personal self-help vibe. It’s a 3-star read for me: useful for the empathy frameworks and team norms, but lacking that 'wow' factor that makes a book unputdownable. It is a solid middle-of-the-road entry for the genre.

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Pun

Picked this up because I’m a fan of Goleman’s older work, but I have mixed feelings about this one. The first hundred pages are genuinely insightful, especially regarding how emotional self-management impacts our daily productivity. But as the book progressed, the chapters became increasingly reiterative. Truth is, I felt like the authors were struggling to fill the page count by the time they got to the sections on DEI and large-scale systems. The practical tips—like the deep breathing exercises and the gratitude shifts—are helpful but also quite common in any basic mindfulness app. It’s a helpful resource if you need a refresher on workplace EQ, though I wouldn't call it essential reading if your bookshelf is already full of pop-psychology and productivity guides.

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Sing

Frankly, I expected more from a legend like Goleman. While the 'optimal state' concept tries to distance itself from Csikszentmihalyi’s 'flow,' it feels like a semantic shell game rather than a genuine breakthrough. The book starts strong but quickly devolves into a repetitive loop of his greatest hits from the 90s. If you’ve read 'Emotional Intelligence,' you’ve already internalized 80% of what’s here. It’s a decent primer for someone totally new to the field, but for the rest of us, it’s just another repackaged business manual. The second half, in particular, dragged on with examples that felt recycled from previous chapters. I was hoping for cutting-edge neurobiology, but I got basic reminders to be empathetic and mindful at the office. To be fair, the focus on avoiding burnout is timely, but the execution feels dated.

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Kasemsan

Gotta say, I’m disappointed by the lack of original content here. 'Optimal' feels like a long-winded article that was stretched into a 300-page book. While the emphasis on empathy and social awareness is nice, it’s the same drum Goleman has been beating for nearly thirty years. The case studies are predictable, and the writing style is so sanitized that it lacks any real punch. To be fair, the 'trigger log' is a decent exercise, but is it worth the price of a hardback? Probably not. It reads more like a textbook for an HR seminar than a compelling look at human potential. If you’re already familiar with the basics of emotional intelligence, you can safely skip this one and not miss a thing. It's essentially a rehash.

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A

The title is incredibly misleading. In 'Optimal,' Goleman basically tells us to have a 'mission' and be 'empathetic' to avoid burnout—groundbreaking stuff, right? Look, citing Satya Nadella as a paragon of empathy while his company sells surveillance tech is a massive lapse in judgment that killed the book’s credibility for me. It feels like Goleman is just coasting on his reputation at this point, selling us the same ideas in a different cover. The writing is repetitive, and the 'science' behind it feels more like a collection of cherry-picked anecdotes than rigorous research. If you want to understand focus and performance, just go read Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s 'Flow' instead. This is a shallow corporate cash-in that offers nothing new to the conversation and left me feeling like I wasted my time.

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Questions about this book

The authors argue that peak performance does not have to depend on rare moments of flow. People can sustain an optimal state of steady focus and creativity, which studies they cite link to up to five times higher productivity. The skill that keeps people there is emotional intelligence: managing their own emotions while understanding and empathizing with others. The book follows that idea from individual attention to crisis leadership, teams, hiring, training and the future of work.

Goleman and Cherniss point to mindfulness and attention training, which improve with practice. Focusing on the breath sharpens concentration and steadies emotional reactions. They also recommend routine self-check-ins, noticing your emotional and physical state a few times a day and adjusting your inner commentary toward more realistic, constructive thinking. Over time this helps you react less to upsets and recover faster, so distractions take up less of your day.

Self-assessments are unreliable, so the authors suggest gathering views from people who know a candidate well, such as colleagues, former reports or even a spouse. Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan Chase asks whether people would want their own child working for the candidate. Because of legal concerns raised by the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the authors favor using EI assessments for development, plus behavioral interview questions about past conflicts and failures.

The authors name five features shared by programs that work: motivated participants, enough time, continued practice after sessions end, social support and active involvement from leaders. Active leadership involvement is one of those features, and top managers also need to model emotionally intelligent behavior and build it into performance reviews and leadership development. Research they review shows both children and adults can improve their emotional intelligence with training.

It suits professionals who want more consistent focus and less stress, and managers or HR leaders deciding how to build emotional intelligence into hiring, training and culture. Readers who already know Goleman’s earlier work on emotional intelligence get an update on how the idea has developed, including Google’s findings on psychological safety and why human skills gain value as automation spreads.

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