Opens in a new tab
15 min 16 sec
Available in:Englishไทย

Poverty, by America

Desmond explains why poverty has barely fallen in the world's largest economy. He traces it to low pay, costly rent and credit, lopsided aid and exclusionary zoning, and proposes concrete fixes for each.

Table of Content

Poverty in the United States has barely moved in half a century: just under 13 percent of Americans were poor in 1970, and about 10.5 percent are poor today. That stall happened in a country whose economy outweighs the world’s third through eighth richest economies added together. In Poverty, by America, Princeton sociologist Matthew Desmond asks why so much wealth has done so little, and his first answer widens the problem. Poverty, he argues, is more than a shortage of income. It is a web of linked pressures in work, housing, credit, public aid and the neighborhoods people are allowed to live in.

Desmond’s case is that at each of these points, the system charges extra to people with little and hands extra to people with plenty, and that giving the poor more power and more choices can break the pattern. Follow his argument and you can explain why one in nine Americans still struggles, what he would change, and which everyday choices about shopping, investing and neighbors push in either direction.

Millions of Americans work and still cannot get ahead, and the reason sits in a number most people never check. Desmond explains why companies leave it alone and who he thinks should take control of it.

One of the world’s best-known companies directly employs fewer than one in ten of the people who work for it. That arrangement strips away protections most workers take for granted, and Desmond has a plan to restore them.

A run-down apartment in a poor neighborhood can cost nearly as much as a nicer one across town. Desmond follows the money to the landlord, then lays out three ways tenants could escape the trap.

A short loan of a few hundred dollars can end up costing more in fees than the money borrowed. Desmond does not want these lenders banned; his answer involves an unlikely institution, the post office.

Spending on fighting poverty in the United States has more than tripled since 1980. Yet much of that help never reaches the people it was designed for, and the obstacles are surprisingly ordinary.

The poor and the rich end up paying almost the same share in taxes, and the very richest pay less than both. Desmond traces where public money really goes and how he would redirect it.

Open segregation may be gone, yet a set of dull local rules can still decide who gets the safest streets and the best schools. Desmond shows how they work and how Congress could reward towns that drop them.

Ending poverty sounds like a job for governments and corporations alone. Desmond argues that where you shop, invest and live gives you a share of the work, and that small choices can add up to something much larger.

Desmond’s book turns poverty from a private misfortune into a set of arrangements, and arrangements can be changed. Wages that have barely risen in four decades, rents that hardly fall with the state of the building, fees for cashing a paycheck, tax breaks that favor the top fifth, zoning that fences off good schools: each one moves a little money or opportunity away from those who have least. Together they help explain why 38 million Americans struggle to cover the basics, why at least a million public school children are homeless, and why at least 30 million people lack basic health insurance.

It also points to habits anyone can practice. When you decide where to shop, bank or invest, look at how a company pays and staffs its work, including the people it hires through agencies. When your town argues about apartments, remember that the typical city studied left just 12 percent of its housing land for them. And when a policy is sold as help, follow the money to see who receives it.

Poverty that was built by choices can be taken apart by better ones.

About this book

What is this book about?

The United States has one of the largest economies on Earth and the second largest welfare state, yet about one in nine of its people is poor, a share that has hardly moved since 1970. Matthew Desmond sets out to explain that stubborn fact. His answer is that poverty is more than low income. A chain of linked pressures holds it in place: wages that have barely grown, temp and contract work without benefits, rents in poor areas that rival those in rich ones, and check cashers and payday lenders that eat into small paychecks. Public aid often goes unclaimed, while large subsidies and tax breaks favor the well-off. Zoning rules keep apartments, and the people who live in them, out of prosperous neighborhoods. For each pressure Desmond proposes a fix: a minimum wage that keeps adjusting, sectoral bargaining, small-dollar public loans, stronger tax enforcement and inclusionary zoning. He closes with what individuals can do through their neighbors, their purchases and their investments.

Book Information

Rating:

Genre:

Economics, Social Issues

Topics:

Inequality, Public Policy

Publisher:

Penguin Random House

Language:

English, ไทย

Narrator:

Robert

First published:

March 21, 2023

Pages:

320

Length:

15 min 16 sec

Get the book:

Amazon

Who it's for

  • Curious why poverty persists

    Readers who want to understand why poverty persists in a very rich country, beyond the usual debates about income.

  • Business owners and managers

    Managers and founders who set pay, hire contractors or choose where to invest and want to see the wider effects.

  • Following policy debates

    Students, voters and renters following debates on wages, housing, taxes and zoning.

Listen to Preview

About the Author

Matthew Desmond

Matthew Desmond is an American sociologist and urban ethnographer. At Princeton University, where he holds a named chair in sociology, he also directs the Eviction Lab. He is a contributing writer for The New York Times Magazine and has written more than fifty academic studies on poverty and public policy. His book Evicted won the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction, among other honors. He has received a MacArthur Fellowship and the American Bar Association's Silver Gavel Award, and in 2022 he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

Ratings & Reviews

Ratings at a glance

3.8

Overall score based on 195 ratings.

What people think

Listeners find this work both gripping and skillfully composed, with one individual mentioning that the narrative flows much like a novel. Furthermore, the book offers an extensive examination of poverty in the United States, described by one listener as an extraordinary overview of economic inequality. Listeners also value the educational depth, noting it serves as essential material for Sociology 101 classes due to its rigorous research and verified evidence. The prose is brief yet stimulates deep thought, offering high-quality concepts. Nevertheless, the tempo gets varied feedback, as some find the subject matter distressing to encounter.

Top reviews

Mai

This book is a searing gut punch that demands we look in the mirror. Desmond doesn't just describe the statistics of inequality; he builds a case for 'poverty abolitionism' that implicates the very systems we comfortable people take for granted. I found the sections on tax breaks for the wealthy particularly illuminating and frustrating. Truthfully, it’s not just a book about the poor, but a book about how the rest of us benefit from their struggle. The writing is incredibly concise and moves with the urgency of a manifesto rather than a dry academic text. While it lacks the deep narrative character studies found in Evicted, the trade-off is a much broader, more comprehensive look at American policy. Every person who thinks they understand the economy should have to grapple with his arguments on zoning and banking fees. It is a necessary, albeit uncomfortable, read for our current moment.

Show more
Andrei

Why does a country this rich have so much suffering? Desmond answers this question by pointing the finger at our tax codes and our obsession with property values. Frankly, this is some of the most thought-provoking non-fiction I’ve picked up in years. He details how we’ve essentially subsidized the lifestyles of the rich through mortgage interest deductions while let welfare programs for the needy wither away. The prose is beautiful and flows almost like a novel, making complex economic theories accessible to the average reader. I was especially interested in the concept of sectoral bargaining and how it could shift the balance of power for workers. It’s a call to action that doesn't let anyone off the hook. Even if his solutions feel idealistic at times, the moral clarity he brings to the table is refreshing and deeply needed.

Show more
Titiluck

Picked this up because I wanted to understand the structural arguments behind American inequality, and Desmond did not disappoint. He takes a fierce accounting of the ways we tax the poor through banking fees and payday loans while shielding the wealthy with government benefits. The chapter on housing was a standout for me, specifically the discussion on how high-density affordable housing is blocked by the very people who claim to support progress. It's a dense read but manages to stay engaging throughout its relatively short page count. I loved how he integrated intersectional approaches, specifically looking at the experiences of Black Americans within the prison industrial complex. This isn't just a book you read; it's a book you have to sit with and process. It challenged my views on what it means to be a good neighbor.

Show more
Taweesak

Wow, what a searing indictment of the American economic system. Desmond takes his clout as a Pulitzer winner and uses it to come for the necks of the status quo. I’ve read a lot on this topic, but the way he connects 'tax breaks for the rich' to 'welfare for the wealthy' really clicked for me. He argues that we have the resources to end poverty tomorrow if we simply had the political and personal will to do so. The writing is sharp and doesn't waste a single word, making it feel like an urgent manifesto. I particularly appreciated the focus on healthcare and the 'poverty of single mothers' compared to other nations. It’s a remarkable summary of economic inequality that everyone should read. This book doesn't just want you to feel bad; it wants you to become an active participant in change.

Show more
Nitaya

The chapter on 'Poverty Abolitionism' really shifted my perspective on what my personal responsibilities are. Desmond writes with a moral authority that is hard to ignore, especially when he discusses the intersection of race and class. He doesn't shy away from controversial topics like zoning changes or universal contraceptive care, and he back them up with confirmed facts. I loved that the book included such a wide-ranging approach, covering everything from the prison system to the lack of unions. It’s much more relevant to the current global struggle with inequality than I initially expected. While it is a sad read in many ways, it also offers a glimmer of hope. If we created these systems, we can dismantle them. This should be required reading for anyone who cares about the future of our democracy.

Show more
Thawee

Finally got around to reading this and it’s surprisingly fast-paced for a book about economics. Desmond has a way of making complex data points feel like a conversation over coffee. He argues that we don't need more 'charity,' we need a complete overhaul of how we distribute resources. The comparison between the US and countries like Germany was fascinating, even if it was a bit brief. I found myself highlighting passages on every other page because the insights were so sharp. It really highlights how expensive it is to be poor in this country. From paycheck fees to high rent for substandard housing, the system is designed to extract. It’s a brilliant, informative, and deeply humanizing look at a crisis we often choose to ignore. I couldn't put it down.

Show more
Thanit

After the masterpiece that was Evicted, I expected more narrative-heavy storytelling, but what I got instead was a sharp, well-researched polemic. Desmond shifts his focus from the 'how' of poverty to the 'why,' specifically looking at how the affluent protect their own interests through exclusionary zoning and private subsidies. It’s a very different beast than his previous work, feeling more like a high-level Sociology 101 primer than a deep-dive investigation. I did feel some of the comparisons to European social systems were a bit oversimplified, as he doesn't fully account for different educational structures or historical contexts. However, the core message about our collective responsibility is undeniable. The book is short, punchy, and incredibly informative, even if you don’t agree with every policy prescription he offers. It’s certainly a conversation starter for any book club.

Show more
Fatou

As someone who works in social services, I found this to be an essential primer on the invisible ways poverty is enforced. Desmond’s research into banking fees and the exploitation of the poor by financial institutions is eye-opening and deeply researched. The book is concise, which makes it perfect for a classroom setting or a quick personal read. However, I did find the pacing to be a bit uneven at times. The first half feels a bit like it's retreading ground for anyone already familiar with progressive economic thought. But when he gets into the actionable solutions in the second half, the book really finds its rhythm. He makes a compelling case that we shouldn't just be 'fighting' poverty, but 'abolishing' it. It’s a bold vision that deserves a lot of serious thought and discussion among policymakers.

Show more
Nadia

Truth be told, I was a bit let down by the lack of character-driven stories in this one. Evicted was so powerful because you lived with the people, but this felt more like a long-form editorial or a well-researched rant. There are some excellent ideas here, like eliminating the mortgage interest deduction to simplify the tax code, but they are buried in a lot of generalizations. Desmond seems to think that everyone shares his specific moral values, which makes some of his prescriptions feel a bit naive. He also glosses over the unintended consequences that might come from his proposed zoning changes. It's a good summary of the progressive viewpoint on inequality, but it lacks the nuance I was hoping for. It’s worth a read for the facts alone, but don't expect the emotional weight of his previous work.

Show more
Tum

Look, I fundamentally disagree with Desmond’s premise that the middle class is to blame for housing costs. He spends a lot of time attacking people who bid up home prices without asking why supply is so artificially constrained in the first place. To me, the culprit is government-subsidized debt and cheap mortgages driving up prices, not some inherent greed in the middle class. The book feels more like an opinion piece or a political pamphlet than the rigorous research I saw in his earlier work. He essentially ignores any solution that involves entrepreneurship or trade schools, focusing entirely on massive federal spending and tax hikes. It’s a very one-sided argument that cherry-picks data to stir up emotional sympathy rather than providing a balanced economic analysis. If you’re looking for a nuanced debate on poverty, this isn't it. I’ll be sticking to more data-driven texts.

Show more
Show all reviews

Questions about this book

Matthew Desmond argues that poverty in the United States persists not because of a lack of national wealth or public spending but because of linked pressures in work, housing, credit, public aid and zoning. At each point, people with little money pay extra, through low wages, high rents and steep fees, while subsidies and tax breaks favor the comfortable. His remedy is to give poor people more power and more choices.

He proposes a higher minimum wage that keeps adjusting, labor laws that ease organizing and allow bargaining across whole industries, and better-funded public housing, first-time buyer financing and tenant cooperatives. He also wants small-dollar loans from the Federal Reserve or the Postal Service, help applying for benefits, higher top and corporate tax rates, more resources for the IRS to pursue tax cheats, and inclusionary zoning backed by federal incentives.

Desmond calls it consumer exploitation: paying more than something is worth. Rents in poor neighborhoods are not much lower than in wealthy ones, and landlords there can earn about twice the profit. Check cashers take one to ten percent of a paycheck, and payday loans can carry annual rates of 664 percent. His central point is that this thrives where people have no alternatives.

Desmond suggests supporting integration in your own neighborhood, since getting to know neighbors with less money builds concern for antipoverty programs and public services. He also urges people to stop buying from or investing in companies that exploit workers and to support those that treat employees well. Enough people acting this way, he hopes, can grow into a mass movement for change.

AUDIO SUMMARY AVAILABLE

Listen to Poverty, by America in 15 minutes

Get the key ideas from Poverty, by America by Matthew Desmond, plus 5,000+ more nonfiction titles.

  • 5,000+ titles
  • Listen as much as you want
  • 7-day free trial
  • Cancel anytime

Poverty, by America

Preview · Full summary 15 min 16 sec
Home

Discover

Open app

Log in