The Case Against Sugar
Gary Taubes
Gary Taubes argues that weight gain is a hormonal problem driven by insulin and carbohydrates. He explains why eating less and exercising more so often fail, and what to eat instead.

57 sec
If you have counted calories, skipped dessert and forced yourself to the gym, only to watch the weight come back, the fault may lie with the rule you were given. In Why We Get Fat, science journalist Gary Taubes argues that eat less and move more misreads how the body works. In his account, a hormone, insulin, decides how much fat we store, and the food that drives it hardest is carbohydrate.
That is the claim the book defends: weight gain is a hormonal problem set off by carbohydrates, so the answer lies in what you eat, and willpower has little to do with it. Taubes builds his case from poor families who grew heavy on scarce food, from an eight-year diet trial that barely moved the scale, and from hunting peoples who lived on meat without the diseases of the West. By the end, you can explain to a friend why calorie math fails so many dieters, and you have a clear test to try on your own plate.
1 min 52 sec
Poor mothers with hungry children and laborers working hard all day should have been thin, if the standard formula were right. Many of them were not, and an eight-year diet trial deepens the mystery.
1 min 33 sec
Doctors once explained excess weight in a completely different way. Then a health scare after the Second World War changed the story, and the new advice seemed so obvious that almost nobody checked whether it worked.
1 min 31 sec
Every meal sets off a fast chemical response that decides whether energy gets burned or saved. Taubes argues that one kind of food controls that response far more than the rest, and it is not fat.
1 min 28 sec
Nobody blames a growing child for eating too much. Taubes asks why we treat body fat any differently, and his comparison turns the usual story about greed and laziness upside down.
1 min 58 sec
Bread and potatoes feel like the oldest foods there are. On the timescale of human history they are brand new, and Taubes connects their arrival to diseases that follow Western food around the world.
1 min 39 sec
One friend eats a second slice of pie and stays slim, while another gains weight looking at the menu. Taubes explains the gap, and why it often widens as the years go by.
1 min 59 sec
Most doctors warn against dropping carbohydrates, and their reasons sound sensible. Taubes takes each objection apart and lays out a plan simple enough to test on your next shopping trip.
1 min 08 sec
Taubes’s book is, in the end, an argument for changing the question. For decades, people who wanted to weigh less asked how much they ate and how hard they exercised, and when the scale did not move, they blamed themselves. Taubes asks what they ate and how their bodies handled it. Through that lens, the poor mothers of a century ago, the Texas laborers and the women who cut calories for eight years stop looking like mysteries. Each points back to insulin and the carbohydrates that raise it.
The argument also offers relief. If hunger and fatigue are signals from a body busy storing fuel, guilt has no part in the story. What helps is changing the food that sends the signal.
In practice, that means judging a meal by its sugar and starch and letting the calorie count go, beginning with the sweetest things you eat. Fill the space with meat, eggs and green vegetables. And if you gain more easily than you used to, read it as a sign that your body has grown more sensitive to carbohydrates.
Weight, on Taubes’s account, was never a verdict on character. It is a record of what has been on the plate.
For decades the standard advice has been simple: eat fewer calories, move more, avoid fat. Yet many people who follow it stay heavy or regain what they lose, and they are often told the fault lies in their willpower. Gary Taubes argues that the advice itself is wrong. In his account, weight is governed by the hormone insulin, and carbohydrates drive insulin more than anything else we eat. He builds the case from poor communities that grew heavy on scarce food, from a long trial in which 20,000 women cut calories for eight years and lost an average of two pounds, from hunting peoples who lived on fatty meat without diabetes, and from immigrants whose disease rates shifted with their new diet. He also traces how the belief that dietary fat makes us fat took hold of medicine after the Second World War. Readers get a clear model of why the body stores fat, why hunger and tiredness may be symptoms of that storage, why some people gain more easily than others, and a practical plan built on cutting sugar, flour and starch.
Dieters who have cut calories and exercised hard, only to regain the weight.
People in midlife noticing they gain more easily than they used to.
Health-curious readers who want a clear case against the low-fat, calorie-counting model.
Gary Taubes is a science journalist born in Rochester, New York. He studied applied physics at Harvard and engineering at Stanford, then earned a master's degree in journalism from Columbia University in 1981. He joined Discover magazine as a staff reporter in 1982 and has written for Science and other magazines, moving from physics to medicine and nutrition. His books on scientific controversies include Nobel Dreams, Good Calories, Bad Calories and The Case Against Sugar. He co-founded the non-profit Nutrition Science Initiative and has won the National Association of Science Writers Science in Society Journalism Award three times.
Gary Taubes
Listeners find this book to be a fast and accessible read that clarifies the scientific principles of gaining and losing weight. It is extensively researched, backed by persuasive data, and offers useful guidance for transforming your lifestyle. They value its coherent reasoning and consider it highly engaging, with one listener mentioning that it clarifies the mechanics of how low-carb diets work.
Taubes makes a compelling case for why our traditional understanding of weight loss is fundamentally broken. Instead of the tired 'eat less, move more' mantra, he dives deep into the hormonal role of insulin and how carbohydrates drive fat storage. The prose is clear and accessible, making complex endocrinology feel like common sense. I found the section on how we don't get fat because we overeat, but rather we overeat because we are getting fat, to be a total revelation. It’s well-researched and grounded in a century of medical literature that seems to have been conveniently forgotten by modern nutritionists. While the suggested lifestyle change is drastic, the logic is hard to ignore.
Show moreThis book changed my life by helping me realize that my struggle with weight wasn't about willpower. Following the advice to restrict carbs literally saw the weight drop off without the constant, gnawing hunger I used to feel. My energy levels have stabilized, and even my brain feels quicker. I especially appreciated the explanation of how insulin acts as a growth factor, which explains so much about metabolic syndrome. It’s a quick, punchy read that provides the scientific 'why' behind the low-carb movement. If you’ve been trapped in the cycle of low-fat dieting and feeling like a failure, you need to read this immediately. It’s a paradigm shift.
Show moreAs someone who struggled for years with the 'eat less' philosophy, this book was a breath of fresh air. It finally explains why some of us can look at a piece of bread and gain weight while others stay thin. The evidence Taubes presents against the food pyramid is staggering and well-supported by historical medical literature. I've been following the high-fat, low-carb approach for six months now, and the results are undeniable. My blood sugar is stable, and for the first time in my life, I don't feel like a slave to my cravings. This is essential reading for anyone battling metabolic issues or looking for a way out of the calorie-counting trap.
Show moreFinally got around to reading this after struggling with my weight for a decade. The central thesis is that fat accumulation is a hormonal disorder, not a character flaw or a simple math problem of calories. Taubes is a journalist, not a doctor, but his ability to synthesize historical data is impressive and quite eye-opening. To be fair, he can come across as a bit dogmatic and dismissive of anyone who still believes in the energy balance model. I would have liked more discussion on long-term sustainability because living without pasta and beer is a tall order for most people. Still, it provides a practical roadmap for anyone looking to understand the 'why' behind their hunger.
Show moreAfter hearing about Taubes' article on sugar being toxic, I decided to dive into the full book. It’s an incredibly interesting deep dive into why some people are predisposed to leanness while others struggle regardless of their activity levels. The history of how our dietary guidelines were formed is particularly heartbreaking, showing how we replaced fats with fattening carbohydrates. Truth is, the book could have been shorter, as it gets repetitive toward the middle. However, the practical advice at the end is solid if you're ready for a total lifestyle change. It’s a well-researched critique of a system that has clearly failed the average person over the last fifty years.
Show moreWow, what a paradigm shift! Taubes manages to turn everything we think we know about nutrition upside down in just a few chapters. The idea that we don't get fat because we overeat, but we overeat because our bodies are storing fat incorrectly, is brilliant. It makes so much sense when you look at the obesity epidemic through that lens. My only gripe is that he makes it sound a bit too easy to just give up sugar and starches. For most people, that's a massive hurdle that requires more than just 'knowing the science.' Still, it’s a logical and compelling read for any health enthusiast looking for more than just a diet plan.
Show morePicked this up because I was tired of failing at traditional diets that left me exhausted and hungry. The science behind why low-carb diets work is presented in a way that is easy to understand without being 'dumbed down.' Taubes explains the metabolic pathways clearly, focusing on how fructose overwhelms the liver. It's much more than just a diet book; it's a look at the biochemistry of our bodies. While I don't agree with every single conclusion—especially his take on exercise—the overall message is powerful. It gave me the tools to finally take control of my health and understand what was actually happening to my metabolism behind the scenes.
Show moreIs it logical to assume that exercise has no impact on weight loss? Taubes argues that physical activity just makes us hungrier, effectively cancelling out any benefit. While he cites numerous studies to support this, I found his dismissal of the 'calories in/out' model a bit too extreme. Programs like Weight Watchers have success stories for a reason, and he doesn't really address those effectively. The book feels like a 200-page advertisement for a strict low-carb lifestyle, which can be expensive and incredibly monotonous over time. It’s a quick read with some interesting historical tidbits, but I’m not entirely convinced that meat and fat are the only answers to our health crisis.
Show moreLook, the science is fascinating and Taubes is clearly a gifted writer who knows how to build an argument. I enjoyed learning about the history of obesity research and the role of insulin. But I have to say, the diet he proposes is incredibly boring and feels very restrictive for a lifelong commitment. How many eggs and pieces of bacon can one person eat before they lose their mind? He doesn't address the success rates of people staying on this diet long-term or the social difficulties of never being able to eat out with friends. It's a great theoretical book, but the practical application seems like a recipe for social isolation and food fatigue.
Show moreNot what I expected at all. I was hoping for a balanced look at nutrition, but instead, I got a rehashed version of the Atkins diet with a side of condescension. Taubes spends so much time attacking the 'conventional wisdom' that he ignores the potential medical downsides of a high-protein, high-fat regime. What about the strain on your kidneys or the lack of fiber leading to digestive issues? He gives short shrift to the circulatory health of people on these diets, and as a journalist, he seems to cherry-pick studies that only support his narrow view. It's a very difficult lifestyle to maintain forever, and frankly, I felt sluggish and constipated trying his suggestions for a few weeks.
Show moreGary Taubes argues that weight gain is a hormonal problem, not a matter of eating too much and moving too little. Carbohydrates raise blood sugar, the body releases insulin, and insulin pushes fat tissue to store energy. In his view, the amount and type of carbohydrate you eat, and how your body handles it, matters far more for weight than your daily calorie count.
He points to a United States trial from the early 1990s in which 20,000 women ate 360 fewer calories a day for eight years and lost an average of two pounds, much of it muscle. He also argues that eating less of everything strips vitamins and minerals, that exercise raises appetite, and that weight returns once old habits do.
He advises cutting carbohydrates, starting with the fastest: sweets, then grain products, starchy foods, alcohol and sugary drinks. His rough rule is that the sweeter a food, the more likely it makes you fat. Meat, eggs and green vegetables can be eaten freely, he argues, since vegetable carbohydrates are bound to fiber and affect blood sugar far less.
Taubes says genes shape whether, when and where you gain weight and how well your muscles burn fuel. Over time, frequent high insulin from carbohydrate-rich meals makes muscles resistant to it, so the body releases even more insulin and stores more fat. He argues this resistance tends to rise with age, which explains why many people gain weight later in life.
It suits people who have tried eating less and exercising more without lasting results, and those puzzled by gaining weight as they age. It also suits readers who want to understand how the low-fat advice of recent decades took hold, and why Taubes believes carbohydrates and insulin, rather than calories, deserve the attention.
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