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The New Silk Roads: The New Asia and the Remaking of the World Order

Peter Frankopan shows how wealth and influence are moving from West to East, why China is reviving the Silk Roads, and how Western nationalism is speeding up its own loss of leadership.

Table of Content

If the daily news about tariffs, Chinese investment and Brexit feels like noise, Peter Frankopan offers a pattern that ties it together. In The New Silk Roads, the Oxford historian argues that the center of the world’s economic gravity is sliding from West to East, and that the old routes through China and Central Asia are coming back to life. His sharpest point concerns timing.

Just as Asian nations are signing trade deals, building bridges and lending money to their neighbors, America and much of Europe are closing their doors. That contrast is the thread here: the East is rising through connection, and the West’s turn inward is hastening the end of its unrivaled dominance. Frankopan follows it from London department stores and Chinese tour groups to a river crossing in Central Asia, a quarrel in the Gulf and a forum where Beijing courts eleven EU members. By the end, headlines that once seemed unrelated read as one story, with clear signals to watch.

Centuries ago, rich travelers carried paintings and sculptures home as proof of their nation’s power. The same habit is alive today, but the buyers, the prizes and the direction of travel have all changed.

In the same years that Western voters chose to step back from their neighbors, a group of Central Asian states made the opposite bet. Their trade figures suggest which choice may age better.

American presidents talked for years about reviving trade across Asia. One speech in Kazakhstan turned that talk into a plan with real money behind it, and the plan aims at something larger than ports and railways.

Marble from a famous memorial, an appliance maker with a new owner, and a president promising to punish a rival. Frankopan follows the anger to the place where its costs actually end up.

A superpower lets its most seasoned diplomats go and falls back on an old partner. Then two of its friends turn on each other, and every word from Washington is suddenly read for hidden meaning.

The European Union promised a tough response to China’s islands in the South China Sea, and then said nothing. The reason lies in which members Beijing had been talking to, and why they listened.

Frankopan’s book reads like a ledger with two columns. In one, Asia builds bridges over rivers, negotiates trade pacts covering billions of people and funds a thousand projects from the Caribbean to Turkey. In the other, the West votes to leave its own union, taxes its own shoppers, loses its senior diplomats and leaves its smaller members waiting at the door. His verdict is that the West’s time as the world’s unrivaled power has ended, and that its own inward turn is speeding the decline.

You do not have to accept every part of that verdict to find the lens useful. When a news story announces a new tariff or a tighter border, look for the deal being made somewhere in Asia that same season. When a Western brand or museum opens in Shenzhen or Abu Dhabi, read it as a sign of where the money now sits. And in your own organization, notice who feels left out, because those are the people an outsider will court first.

The English gentlemen of the Grand Tour carried trophies home because they stood at the center of the world. The trophies are traveling in the other direction now, and so is the center.

About this book

What is this book about?

Tariff fights, Brexit, Qatar and Russia hosting the World Cup, Chinese investment in Europe: the headlines can look unrelated. Historian Peter Frankopan argues they belong to one story. The world's economic center of gravity is shifting from West to East, and the ancient trade routes through China and Central Asia are coming back to life. Frankopan follows the shift through concrete signs. Western trophies, from Harrods to new branches of the Louvre, are passing to Eastern owners and hosts. Chinese tourists now spend twice as much abroad as Americans. Central Asian neighbors are opening bridges and growing trade, and China is funding what is set to become more than a thousand Belt and Road projects in close to 50 countries. His sharpest point is about contrast. While Asia signs trade pacts and courts partners, America and much of Europe are raising tariffs, losing experienced diplomats and splitting apart, leaving gaps that China is happy to fill. Readers get a clear frame for reading world news and a sense of which signals show where power is heading next.

Book Information

Rating:

Genre:

Economics, Politics & Current Affairs

Topics:

Current Affairs, Geopolitics, Globalization

Publisher:

Penguin Random House

Language:

English

Narrator:

Cole

First published:

November 15, 2018

Pages:

336

Length:

15 min 01 sec

Get the book:

Amazon

Who it's for

  • Professionals tracking world news

    Professionals who follow world news and want one frame that connects trade wars, Brexit and China's rise.

  • Leaders working with Asia

    Founders and managers whose customers, suppliers or investors increasingly come from Asia.

  • History and politics students

    Students of history or politics curious how the ancient Silk Roads fit into today's world order.

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About the Author

Peter Frankopan

Peter Frankopan is a British historian, born in 1971, who holds a chair in global history at Worcester College, Oxford, and directs the Oxford Centre for Byzantine Research. He is also professor of Silk Roads studies at the University of Cambridge. His 2015 book The Silk Roads became an international bestseller, his work has been translated into twelve languages, and he writes for the press on what history can teach us about current affairs.

More from Peter Frankopan

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Ratings & Reviews

Ratings at a glance

3.9

Overall score based on 188 ratings.

What people think

Listeners find the book skillfully written and thoroughly investigated. However, the quality of information receives mixed reactions, as some find it educational while others claim it offers no fresh perspectives. Moreover, listeners are split on its value and accessibility; it is considered easy to read, though some call it tedious. Finally, there is disagreement over the intended audience, with one listener noting it is especially appropriate for non-scholars.

Top reviews

Sam

Few historians can pivot from the sweeping narratives of the Crusades to contemporary geopolitics with such fluidity. In this follow-up, Frankopan demonstrates that his mastery of the 'Silk Road' concept isn't just about ancient caravans, but about the modern pipelines and fiber-optic cables binding the East. I found his analysis of China’s One Belt and Road initiative particularly illuminating, especially how it stretches into unexpected corners like the Caribbean and Africa. While some might find the heavy reliance on current events a bit journalistic, I think it provides a necessary, real-time map of our shifting world. The contrast between a focused, ambitious China and a fragmented, introspective West—distracted by Brexit and internal polarization—is presented with chilling clarity. This is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand why the 21st century will look nothing like the 20th. It is deeply researched, brilliantly written, and remarkably prescient.

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Somsak

Frankopan’s central argument—that the global center of gravity is shifting eastward while the West squabbles—is impossible to ignore. Picked this up because I wanted a clear-eyed look at China's growing influence, and the book delivered exactly that. It's written in a way that’s very accessible for non-scholars, eschewing dense academic jargon for a fast-paced survey of trade deals and infrastructure projects. I was particularly struck by the description of the Ashgabat airport in Turkmenistan; it’s a perfect symbol for the ambitious, if occasionally hollow, grandeur of the region. Some critics say it’s just an update, but the sheer scale of the shift happening in Russia, Iran, and Pakistan deserves this level of dedicated focus. Even though it lacks the historical depth of his first masterpiece, it remains a vital primer on the new world order. It’s well-written and serves as a sobering wake-up call for those of us in the West.

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Pruet

Picked this up on a whim after seeing it on a recommended list for current affairs, and I must say it’s quite a ride. The author does a fantastic job of illustrating how interconnected the world has become, where a policy change in Beijing can ripple through the markets of South America. It’s fascinating to see how Russia and China are building a nexus that deliberately bypasses Western influence. The book is easy to read, though some sections on bilateral trade agreements can get a bit repetitive. I appreciated how he highlighted the unpredictability of the Trump era and how that pushed traditional allies toward new partners. While it’s certainly more of a contemporary survey than a deep historical study, it provides a much-needed perspective that isn't focused solely on Europe or the US. It definitely makes you rethink the headlines.

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Muk

After hearing so much buzz about the 'Asian Century,' I found this to be a sobering and detailed roadmap of what that actually looks like on the ground. Frankopan’s ability to weave together the interests of Turkey, Iran, and the Central Asian 'Stans' into a coherent narrative is impressive. He avoids the usual Eurocentric traps and instead looks at the world from the viewpoint of those who are actually building the future's infrastructure. The prose is sharp and the pacing is generally good, even if the sheer volume of facts can be overwhelming. I especially liked the section on how luxury brands and sports teams in Europe are being snapped up by Eastern investors—it really hits home how much the power balance has shifted. It might not have the timeless quality of his previous work, but it’s an incredibly timely piece of commentary. Definitely worth the time for anyone trying to make sense of the daily news.

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Ploy

The sheer volume of references cited here is staggering, proving the author did his homework. I found this to be an excellent, top-level view of what's driving the world today, specifically the rise of the China-Russia-Iran nexus. It’s a bit of a departure from his usual historical style, focusing almost entirely on the political and economic landscape of the last few years. Some might find it a bit dull because it lacks a traditional narrative arc, but I found the factual density quite rewarding. It’s essentially a long thought piece on why the West is becoming less relevant, and it’s hard to argue with his evidence. The writing is clear and the structure is logical, making it a relatively quick read despite the heavy subject matter. It's a great choice for readers who want to understand the 'big picture' without getting lost in academic theory.

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Pop

Does the West realize how quickly the world is changing around it? That is the question that haunted me throughout this book. Frankopan provides a deeply researched account of how the Silk Road regions are integrating and collaborating in ways that the US and Europe seem to be actively rejecting. While the book has been criticized for being a mere 'update,' I think the sheer pace of change since 2015 justified a new volume. It’s a fascinating look at the new alliances being forged in the heart of Asia, from Pakistan to the Caucasus. The tone is more that of a current affairs commentator than a historian, but his expertise still shines through in the way he connects disparate events. Some parts are a bit dry, particularly the lists of trade stats, but the overall message is powerful and necessary. It’s an eye-opening read that challenges our western-centric worldview.

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Chai

Is this really a book, or just a very long, very expensive magazine article? I enjoyed the original Silk Road history immensely, but this felt more like a series of footnotes that got out of hand. The information quality is a bit hit-or-miss; while the data on Chinese investment is impressive, the analysis often feels thin. To be fair, Frankopan is a great writer, and he makes even the driest trade policy sound somewhat interesting, but I didn't feel like I gained many new insights that I couldn't have found in a few months of reading The Economist. It's a decent summary of the 2015-2018 era of global politics, yet it lacks the critical edge needed to explain *why* these alliances are forming beyond simple economic gain. A bit too much descriptive summary and not enough deep-dive synthesis for my taste.

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Nathan

To be fair, the 'Road' branding of the chapters is a clever stylistic choice that carries over well from his first book, but the content here is much thinner. Look, I appreciate the research that went into the fifty pages of references, but at times it feels like a data dump without a clear thesis. He spends a lot of time on the One Belt One Road initiative, which is important, but then he gets bogged down in minor diplomatic visits that seem largely meaningless in the long run. The truth is, the book is at its best when it compares the unified strategy of the East with the aimless drifting of the West. However, the lack of personal anecdotes or on-the-ground reporting makes the whole thing feel a bit clinical and detached. It’s a worthwhile read for non-scholars who want a quick catch-up, but seasoned followers of geopolitics might find it a bit basic.

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Tan

Honestly, I struggled with the middle sections where the narrative seemed to devolve into a list of press releases and bilateral trade agreements. I loved the original 'Silk Roads' for its grand historical sweep, so this contemporary update felt a bit pedestrian by comparison. The information is definitely there, but the synthesis is lacking; it's more of a report than a story. Personally, I would have liked more critical analysis of the 'debt-trap diplomacy' often associated with China's projects, rather than just a summary of the investments themselves. The book is well-written in a technical sense, but it lacks the spark and the human element that brings history to life. It’s useful as a reference guide for current trade routes, but it didn't quite capture my imagination. It’s a decent enough bridge between his past work and the future, but it feels like a minor entry in his bibliography.

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Cha

What a disappointment after the sweeping majesty of his previous history. While 'The Silk Roads' was a revelation in how we view global development, this update feels like a collection of stitched-together headlines and internet-scraped data points. Frankly, it lacks the soul and the firsthand anecdotal color that made his earlier work so vibrant. The author seems to have traded the dusty archives and actual field research for a few months of obsessive Twitter monitoring and Google News alerts. Page after page of trade agreements and press releases from Central Asian autocrats don't make for a compelling narrative; they make for a dull slog. There is very little critical synthesis here, and the 'Road' themed chapter titles feel like a forced attempt to recapture the magic of the first book. It’s more of a long, dry essay than a proper book in its own right.

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Questions about this book

Frankopan argues that the world’s economic center is moving from West to East. Asian nations, especially along the old Silk Roads, are deepening trade and cooperation, and China is funding the Belt and Road Initiative. Meanwhile, America and Europe are turning inward through policies like America First and Brexit. In his view, that Western retreat is speeding the end of the West’s unrivaled global dominance.

It is China’s plan to build new Silk Roads, announced by Xi Jinping in Kazakhstan in 2013. From 2015, China’s Export-Import Bank began financing what will become more than a thousand projects in close to 50 countries, touching 4.4 billion people. Frankopan says the goal goes beyond trade: China wants a style of international relations based on partnership and dialogue, and to show it can lead.

He argues that tariffs hurt Americans as much as the Chinese. Trump placed tariffs on more than a thousand Chinese products worth around $60 billion in imports. The heads of IKEA, Costco and Gap warned the White House that this would push up prices of electronics, clothing, shoes and home goods, punishing ordinary households already under pressure from globalization.

Frankopan says China uses Europe’s divisions. Through the 16 + 1 Initiative it talks with eleven EU members from Central and Eastern Europe, many of which feel neglected by Western Europe. When the EU promised a tough response to China’s artificial islands in the South China Sea, ties with members such as Croatia, Greece and Hungary helped block any firm action.

Read world news as paired trends: when the West adds a tariff or border, look for the trade deal Asia signs the same year. Watch where spending and ownership move, such as Chinese tourism, which is still growing because only one in 20 Chinese people has a passport. And inside your own organization, keep overlooked members close, because neglected allies accept help from rivals.

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