Surrounded by Idiots: The Four Types of Human Behavior and How to Effectively Communicate with Each in Business (and in Life)
Shows how to recognize four behavior types, Red, Yellow, Green and Blue, and how to adjust feedback, teamwork and workplace change so each type hears what you actually mean.

Table of Content
1. Introduction
1 min 01 sec
When a meeting goes sideways and nobody seems to grasp what you meant, it is tempting to decide the people around you are simply slow. In Surrounded by Idiots, Swedish author Thomas Erikson offers a kinder and far more useful explanation: you are probably dealing with personality types unlike your own, each hearing your words through its own filter. He sorts people into four colors. Reds are dominant and driven, Yellows inspiring and talkative, Greens stable and calm, and Blues analytical and exact.
His argument is that once you can tell which color you are talking to, you can shape your message so it lands, and stop mistaking difference for stupidity. That skill reaches into the moments that usually go wrong: giving bad news, praising a shy colleague, choosing a project team, planning a change. By the end, the coworker who once seemed impossible should look predictable, and the right way to approach them should be clear.
2. Read anyone's color with two simple questions
1 min 52 sec
Two people can sit through the same pitch and leave with opposite impressions. An idea first sketched in ancient Greece explains why, and it gives you a quick way to place almost anyone you work with.
3. See past the bluntness of Reds and Yellows
1 min 46 sec
The colleague who states opinions as facts and the one who answers questions meant for others both seem rude. Erikson suggests their intentions look very different from the inside, and misjudging them has a price.
4. Quiet colleagues are rarely hiding anything, so read them better
1 min 52 sec
A coworker who never speaks up in meetings can start to look suspicious, cold or indifferent. Erikson describes two very different reasons for that silence, and neither of them is what most people assume.
5. Give hard feedback that Reds and Yellows accept
1 min 44 sec
Criticism is where personality clashes do the most damage. One of these two types will exploit any hesitation in your voice, while the other may forget your point before the meeting ends.
6. Praise and correct Greens and Blues without backfiring
1 min 43 sec
Erikson once rewarded a colleague in what seemed the most generous way possible, and the man was furious. His mistake reveals why the same gesture can delight one person and humiliate another.
7. Build teams with a gas pedal and a brake
1 min 45 sec
Some pairings help a project run smoothly, while clashing personalities can sink one faster than almost anything else. Erikson describes the more balanced combinations of colors and the one generally considered the worst, which is Yellow paired with Blue.
8. Protect each color from the stress it hates
1 min 47 sec
A party that thrills one colleague can feel like torture to another. Each color has its own breaking point, and a manager who ignores them can turn a cheerful team gloomy without meaning to.
9. Conclusion
1 min 10 sec
The title is a joke with a serious point inside it. The colleague who interrupts, the one who never speaks, the one who checks every figure twice and the one who wants everything done yesterday are not failing at being you. Each works from a temperament people have recognized since Hippocrates, and each hears your words through it. Erikson’s four colors turn that observation into a map with two directions: tasks or people, holding back or pushing forward.
The map pays off in small moves. Before your next hard conversation, guess the other person’s color and set the talk to match: blunt and backed by examples for a Red, warm and written down for a Yellow, private and stepwise for a Green, detailed and accurate for a Blue. When you build a team, look for the accelerator and the brake, and bring in a calm Green where two opposites grind against each other. When you plan a change, ask whose security, challenge or freedom it will take away.
The next time the room seems full of idiots, treat it as a sign that you have met a color you have not yet learned to speak to.
About this book
What is this book about?
Some days it feels as if nobody understands a word you say. The talkative colleague interrupts, the quiet one says nothing, the careful one checks every figure twice and the boss wants everything finished yesterday. Thomas Erikson argues that these people are rarely idiots. They are usually different behavior types, and each one hears your message through its own filter. Erikson builds on four temperaments first described by the Greek physician Hippocrates and gives them colors. Reds are dominant and driven, Yellows inspiring and talkative, Greens stable and calm, and Blues analytical and precise. He places them in a simple square that separates task people from people people, and reserved types from outgoing ones. He also shows how each color is commonly misjudged. The practical payoff is a set of adjustments. Readers learn how to deliver criticism to each type, which pairings make strong project teams and which ones clash, and what pressures push each color into stress. The result is a way to stop taking difference personally and start communicating in a form the other person can take in.
Book Information
Who it's for
Managers struggling with feedback
Managers who give feedback that keeps landing badly with certain people on their team.
Struggling with a coworker
Professionals stuck with a colleague who seems rude, cold or impossible to reach.
Building project teams
Anyone who builds project teams and wants pairings that work instead of clash.
About the Author
Thomas Erikson
Thomas Erikson was born in Sweden in 1965 and spent about twenty years writing before his first book was published. Surrounded by Idiots appeared in 2014 and became one of the best-loved non-fiction titles in Sweden. His Surrounded by series, which also includes Surrounded by Narcissists and Surrounded by Setbacks, has sold more than 8 million copies. He aims to help people understand themselves and communicate better, and he gives talks and offers online courses and an app on human behavior.
Ratings & Reviews
Ratings at a glance
What people think
Listeners view this book as an approachable entry point to personality models, although perspectives differ regarding the scientific rigor of the color-based framework, as some feel the classifications are somewhat basic. A large number of people value the functional, straightforward layout and how the author employs everyday scenarios and diagrams to explain the four behavior profiles. Furthermore, the techniques are viewed as helpful for enhancing professional interactions and gaining insight into personal social patterns. They also note that the compelling narrative style simplifies learning the material, with one listener highlighting that it offers a "quick issue-defusing technique" when handling tough dialogues.
Top reviews
This was exactly what I needed to navigate the chaos of my new management role. For years, I struggled to understand why some of my team members were so resistant to direct feedback while others seemed to thrive on it. Erikson’s breakdown of the four types gave me the "aha" moment I have been searching for. Personally, I found the chapter on how to communicate with each color to be worth the price of the book alone. The writing is incredibly clear, and the author does a great job of explaining that no color is better than the others—they just have different needs. I have already seen a massive improvement in my workplace dynamics just by tweaking my emails to suit the recipients on my staff. It is a practical, no-nonsense guide that cuts through the fluff of traditional leadership books.
Show moreThe chapter on workplace dynamics was a total game-changer for my professional life. Before reading this, I genuinely felt like I was the only person making any sense in my office, which is a lonely and frustrating place to be. Thomas Erikson manages to explain human behavior in a way that feels intuitive and instantly applicable. Most people shy away from these books. This one is remarkably fast-paced and entertaining. The humor is spot on, and the revised edition's charts make it a great reference tool to keep on your desk. While it is true that people are complex, having these four primary categories as a baseline makes everyday interactions much less stressful. It taught me that my so-called idiot coworkers are just people with different motivations and fears. Truly a must-read for anyone who works in a team environment.
Show moreAfter hearing about this book for years, I finally picked up the expanded edition and was blown away by its simplicity. It is rare to find a non-fiction book that you can finish in a weekend and start using the very next Monday morning. The four-color system is genius because it is easy to internalize without having to memorize a bunch of academic jargon. I especially liked the part about how we all have a blind spot regarding our own behavior. It forced me to realize that I probably come across as an idiot to people who don't share my personality type! The author’s voice is confident and engaging, and he provides plenty of scenarios that felt like they were pulled directly from my own life. If you are tired of constant misunderstandings and social friction, give this a read. It is an eye-opening look at behavior.
Show moreTo be fair, I went into this thinking it was just another pop-psych cash grab with a clever title, but I was pleasantly surprised. While there is definitely a bit of marketing flair involved, the actual advice regarding behavioral types is surprisingly grounded and helpful for day-to-day life. Erikson’s simplified DISC model is a fantastic entry point for people who find traditional psychology books too daunting or boring. I appreciated the specific tips on how to handle conflict with each color, as it gave me a concrete plan for dealing with my more difficult family members. It is an eye-opening look at why we do the things we do, and it provided me with a quick issue-defusing technique that actually works. I have already noticed a difference in how I approach my morning meetings! Highly recommended for those who want to improve their social tendencies.
Show moreFinally got around to reading this bestseller and I can see why it is so popular despite the polarizing reviews. The core idea is that we aren't actually surrounded by idiots; we just don't understand how other people process information and react to stress. Using colors instead of complex acronyms makes the information incredibly sticky, and I found myself immediately applying the "Yellow" and "Blue" logic to my coworkers. Not gonna lie, some of the examples are a bit extreme and the author’s confidence can border on being preachy, but the practical value is undeniable. The charts provided are actually helpful for a quick reference when you are trying to prep for a tough conversation. It is not a substitute for therapy, but as a communication toolkit, it is surprisingly effective and easy to internalize.
Show moreEver wonder why you just can't click with some people no matter how hard you try to be reasonable? Erikson argues it is a matter of mismatched frequencies, and his color-coded system provides a decent roadmap for tuning in. I loved the section on how different types perceive one another—what I see as efficiency, a "Green" person might see as rudeness. This perspective shift is the book’s greatest strength, even if the categories themselves are a bit rigid for my liking. The text is snappy and the revised edition includes some great updated examples that feel very relevant to modern office culture. My only gripe is that it can feel a bit repetitive. Still, for a quick social analysis tool, it is one of the more readable options on the shelf. It is perfect for anyone who wants to stop being annoyed by people.
Show moreLook, I know the color system is basically DISC with a fresh coat of paint, but that doesn't make it any less useful for the average reader. Erikson has a knack for taking complex behavioral theories and turning them into something you can actually use while standing in line or sitting in a board meeting. I particularly enjoyed the snark in this expanded edition, which keeps the tone light and prevents it from feeling like a dry textbook. While some critics argue it is oversimplified, I think they are missing the point: it is a communication tool, not a medical diagnosis. The real-life examples helped me realize that my partner isn't trying to be difficult; they just value precision while I’m chasing excitement. It is an easy-to-read guide that offers immediate takeaways for anyone willing to look at their own flaws.
Show moreAs someone who deals with difficult clients daily, I picked this up hoping for some concrete strategies to improve my communication. The book delivers a decent framework by categorizing people into colors, which definitely helps in identifying those "idiots" you encounter at work or in the supermarket. In my experience, the writing style is engaging and the anecdotes are funny, but the categorization feels a bit too much like a parlor trick after a while. I found myself trying to "color code" my friends, only to realize that almost everyone is a messy blend that doesn't fit Erikson's neat little boxes. It is a helpful starting point for anyone who feels frustrated by social friction, but it lacks the intellectual meat I was craving. It is essentially a pop-psych version of DISC that prioritizes entertainment over scientific rigor.
Show moreThe title is brilliant marketing, but the content underneath is a bit of a disappointment for me. I appreciated how accessible the concepts were at first, but the system is just too reductive to be truly useful in the real world. Erikson’s use of real-world scenarios makes for a quick read, but it is hard to ignore that people are rarely just one single color. Frankly, it felt more like reading a series of catchy personality quizzes than a serious behavioral study. It is a light, snarky introduction to social dynamics, but the advice is too basic to offer real, long-term insights. If you have ever taken a basic HR training course at work, you have already seen all of this before. It lacks the academic rigor I expect from a bestseller.
Show moreI really wanted to like this because the title is so relatable, but it feels like a collection of generic horoscopes masquerading as science. Erikson takes the DISC model and strips away any nuance, leaving us with four rigid boxes that couldn't possibly account for the complexity of human behavior. Truth is, the author makes sweeping generalizations that feel quite preachy at times, and the total lack of academic references is a huge red flag for a nonfiction book. While the color-coding system is easy to remember, it is so oversimplified that it feels patronizing. If you are looking for actual psychological depth, you are better off looking elsewhere because this feels more like a catchy marketing gimmick than a serious study. I felt like I was being talked down to for two hundred pages.
Show moreQuestions about this book
What is the main idea of Surrounded by Idiots?
Thomas Erikson argues that people who seem impossible to understand are usually just a different behavior type. He describes four colors, based on temperaments Hippocrates identified: dominant Reds, inspiring Yellows, stable Greens and analytical Blues. Each color filters messages differently. Once you recognize someone’s color, you can adjust how you speak, give feedback and assign work so your message is received the way you meant it.
What are the four personality colors in Surrounded by Idiots?
Reds are ambitious, decisive and competitive, with Steve Jobs and Margaret Thatcher among Erikson’s examples. Yellows are optimistic, talkative and charming. Greens are calm, loyal and conflict-averse, and they are the most common type, with Jimmy Carter and Mahatma Gandhi as examples. Blues are detail-focused perfectionists, such as Bill Gates and Albert Einstein. Most people are mainly one color with traces of a second.
How do you give feedback to each personality type?
Erikson advises getting straight to the point with Reds, with concrete examples and without backing down. With Yellows, be friendly, bring an agenda and a written list of key points. Give Greens feedback only in private, reassure them it is not personal and offer small, clear steps. With Blues, prepare thoroughly, have exact facts and data, and never invent an answer you do not know.
Which personality types work best together in a team?
According to Erikson, Red with Blue and Green with Yellow are the most balanced pairs. A Red and a Blue act like an accelerator and a brake, both focused on tasks, while a Green and a Yellow keep people happy. Yellow with Blue is the hardest match. Adding a Green can calm that pairing, and a Green or Blue helps groups heavy with Reds and Yellows.
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