Opens in a new tab
14 min 16 sec
Available in:English

Out of Our Minds: The Power of Being Creative

Explains why most adults wrongly believe they are not creative, how factory-style schools and workplaces trained that belief into them, and what leaders, teams and parents can do to bring creativity back.

Table of Content

Most people, asked whether they are creative, go a little red and mention that they cannot draw. In Out of Our Minds, education adviser Sir Ken Robinson argues that this answer is a learned mistake: every person is highly creative, and creativity shows up as often in a new medicine or an office filing system as in a sonata.

Robinson’s case is that schools and workplaces built for the industrial age trained that capacity out of us, just as a world changing at record speed began to need it most. The argument runs in a straight line. Creativity is imagination put to work, it can be taught or smothered, and the people and organizations that thrive next will be the ones that deliberately make room for it.

Along the way you will meet a twelve-hour clock of human history, a school day modeled on a factory floor, and a film studio where security guards take drawing classes. Each one points to something you can change in how you work, lead or raise a child.

Most adults rule themselves out of creativity because they cannot paint or compose. Robinson starts from a different question, about what separates humans from every other animal, and his answer puts the accountant and the engineer back in the picture.

Squeeze three thousand years of history onto a single clock face and the modern world appears in the final minute. Robinson uses that picture to explain where the advantage in work is moving, and who will be left behind.

The bell that sends children to lunch has a history, and it does not start in a classroom. Robinson traces the modern school back to a very different building, and the match is closer than most parents would guess.

A law meant to raise standards ended up starving the very subjects where students learn to express themselves. Then the world’s top business leaders were asked what quality they valued most, and their answer exposed the cost.

Many managers who say they want innovation secretly fear it, for two reasons that sound sensible and are both wrong. One of them traces back to a management guide written for the age of the factory.

The image of the lone inventor in a garage is stubborn and mostly misleading. A celebrated design firm and an animation studio show what happens when you let accountants, engineers and behavioral scientists into the same conversation.

Robinson’s argument ends up as a claim about permission. Nobody lost their creativity. Most people were organized out of using it, first by schools modeled on factories, then by workplaces still run on Taylor’s idea of people as efficient machines. The world those systems served has gone, and on Robinson’s twelve-hour clock, almost everything that shapes modern work arrived in the last minute.

The response he supports starts small. Stop treating creative as a label for artists and start treating it as applied imagination, which you use whenever you make something original and useful. Give ideas room to appear before you judge them. If you lead, see your role as building the conditions for other people’s ideas, with enough structure to steady them and enough freedom to test them, and put people from different fields at the same table.

For parents, Robinson’s advice is to let children wander. A daughter who moves from philosophy to art history to economics may look unfocused, yet that very mix might suit her for a job at an auction house. Life is not linear, and people who love their work and stay open to opportunity can thrive.

The bells that call students to breaks and lunch work just like a factory’s. Nobody has to keep answering it.

About this book

What is this book about?

Ask a room of adults whether they are creative and most will say no, usually because they cannot paint or play an instrument. Ken Robinson argues that this answer is learned. Every person is highly creative, and creativity shows up in a new medicine or an office filing system as much as in a concert hall. The trouble, in Robinson's account, is that public schools were designed around 1860 to supply workers for the industrial revolution, and many workplaces still follow a management model from the same era. Both reward conformity and following orders. Meanwhile technology is changing so fast that the real edge now lies in having the best ideas, and lifelong single careers are fading. Robinson defines creativity as applied imagination, explains how testing pressure pushed the arts out of schools, and shows what leaders get wrong about innovation. Through examples from the design firm IDEO and the animation studio Pixar, readers see how mixed teams and open structures keep ideas moving, and parents get advice on letting children follow wide-ranging interests.

Book Information

Rating:

Genre:

Creativity, Education & Learning

Topics:

Education Systems, Future of Work, Innovation

Publisher:

Wiley

Language:

English

Narrator:

Julia

First published:

January 1, 2001

Pages:

304

Length:

14 min 16 sec

Get the book:

Amazon

Who it's for

  • Hoping teams bring ideas

    Managers and founders who want new ideas from their teams without losing control.

  • Told they weren't creative

    Professionals who were told at school they were not creative and want to rethink that.

  • Uneasy about test-driven schooling

    Parents and educators uneasy about test-driven schooling and children's narrow career paths.

Listen to Preview

About the Author

Ken Robinson

Sir Ken Robinson, born in 1950 into a working-class family in Liverpool, advised governments, non-profits and education and arts bodies. He directed the Arts in Schools Project from 1985 to 1989, then spent twelve years as Professor of Arts Education at the University of Warwick, and was knighted in 2003 for services to the arts. He later worked in Los Angeles as senior advisor to the president of the J. Paul Getty Trust. Best known for his books and TED talks on human creativity, he died in 2020.

Ratings & Reviews

Ratings at a glance

4.4

Overall score based on 75 ratings.

What people think

Listeners find this book to be a deep investigation into creativity, with one reviewer highlighting its practical instances and up-to-date data. Furthermore, the work receives positive feedback for its wisdom, with one listener noting its pressing and relevant outlook. Listeners also appreciate its educational worth, with one mentioning the cross-functional nature of contemporary knowledge. However, listeners offer varying feedback regarding the ease of reading.

Top reviews

Aom

Ever wonder why our schools feel like assembly lines from the 1900s? Robinson’s exploration of the networking revolution versus the industrial model is nothing short of brilliant. He argues that we are still stuck in a system designed for linearity and mass production, which is why so many people feel they aren't creative. I was particularly struck by the example of a digital wristwatch having more computing power than the Apollo moon lander. It really puts the speed of technological change into perspective. This book isn't just for teachers; it is a wake-up call for anyone trying to navigate the modern world. The third edition feels incredibly timely, providing the fuel needed to challenge outdated standards in both education and corporate culture. It truly changed how I view the potential of the human mind.

Show more
Prim

The chapter on 'connectomics' was a total revelation for me. Robinson dives into the work of Jeff Lichtman regarding how the brain prunes neural connections as we age. This scientific grounding adds so much weight to his argument that we are born with immense talent that simply goes uncultivated. I loved the orchestra metaphor—the idea that the human mind functions through the integration of different 'sections' rather than isolated subjects. It makes the case for arts education feel like a necessity rather than a luxury. While some might find the history of education a bit long-winded, I thought it provided essential context for why we are in this mess. This is a profound exploration of what it means to be human in a cross-functional, complex world. Every parent needs to read this.

Show more
Rania

Wow, this was a dense but incredibly necessary read for anyone in management. Robinson tackles the big questions, like why businesses can't find the leaders they need despite record numbers of college graduates. He correctly identifies that our current judging format commoditizes students instead of celebrating their unique consciousness. The insights into the networking revolution versus the industrial age helped me understand why our office protocols feel so backward. I especially loved the humor he injects into the writing, like his description of academics who view their bodies merely as transport for their heads. It’s a witty, urgent, and deeply stimulating book that challenges you to think about innovation as a systematic process rather than a random stroke of luck. It has definitely made me more open to collaborative risks.

Show more
Ubolrat

Picking this up after years of working in corporate training, I felt seen. Robinson’s point about how we are 'educated from the waist up' is spot on. We spend so much time focusing on the left side of the brain that we lose the intuitive, search-for-patterns style of thinking that Carl Sagan praised. The third edition includes great data on the information revolution that keeps the material feeling fresh. I found the section on how television transformed American culture to be a fascinating case study in how technology doesn't just fit into our lives—it changes our values. This book is an impassioned plea for a revolution in how we value human potential. It’s transformative, providing a clear definition of creativity that moves beyond standard cultural assumptions. I cannot recommend it highly enough for those looking for purpose.

Show more
Piyanart

As someone who works in STEM, I found Robinson’s critique of our focus on 'core' subjects very thought-provoking. He doesn't say math and science aren't important, but rather that the supremacy of the deductive worldview has made our thinking sterile. He makes a compelling case for the integrated nature of knowledge. Some of the most groundbreaking work today is happening in the 'seams' between disciplines, like cognitive neuroscience. While I agree with other reviewers that the book can be repetitive if you've seen his TED talks, the written format allows him to go much deeper into the historical evolution of the school system. My only gripe is that his suggestions for change are a bit vague. It’s a great 'why' book, even if it’s a bit weak on the 'how' for those in the trenches.

Show more
Por

Finally got around to reading this, and I have to say, it’s a bit of a mixed bag but mostly positive. On one hand, Robinson’s writing style is incredibly readable and his sense of humor keeps the dryer historical sections moving. On the other hand, the overlap with his online speeches is impossible to ignore. If you are a die-hard fan, you might feel like you're paying for content you've already seen for free. Still, having all the arguments about linearity and conformity laid out in one place is valuable. I particularly liked his take on how the 2008 financial crisis was a failure of creative leadership. It’s a solid 4-star read that will definitely spark some interesting conversations at your next meeting, even if you don't agree with every single conclusion he reaches.

Show more
Rungrat

Robinson’s perspective on the 'neural pruning' process in infants really made me rethink my parenting style. We often try to force children into pre-canned formats of who they should become, but this book argues for a more nurturing approach to their natural talents. I loved the examples of geniuses like Picasso and Einstein who flourished despite the stifling ideas of their time. However, I do wish the book focused a bit more on how adults can reclaim their creativity rather than spending so much time on the history of school districts. It’s a bit more of a sociological study than a self-help book. Regardless, the writing is engrossing and the cross-functional insights into science and art are brilliant. It is a timely and urgent call for us to get 'out of our minds' and into our potential.

Show more
Sau

Truth is, this book covers way too much territory too briefly. Robinson touches on everything from the history of Gutenberg to the 2008 financial meltdown, but the hierarchy of ideas is a bit of a mess. The headings are all formatted the same, making it difficult to distinguish between a major theme and a minor anecdote. It felt more like a series of sound bites than a cohesive academic argument. I did appreciate the message that we need to expose people to creative mediums early on, but I found myself skimming the parts I'd already read in his other books. It’s an interesting read for someone new to the subject, but if you’re looking for deep, evidence-based research, you might find this a bit light on the data side.

Show more
Alice

After hearing so much hype about Sir Ken Robinson's TED talks, I expected a practical roadmap for my classroom. To be fair, the book is written well, but it suffers from a total lack of actionable ideas. As an educator, I kept waiting for the 'how-to' section, only to find suggestions that were either wildly unrealistic or things we've been doing for decades. The prose is repetitive, often circling back to the same anecdotes he uses in his videos. If you’ve seen his presentations online, you’ve already captured the essence of his message. I found the section on school restructuring to be particularly unwieldy for public school implementation. It is a nice manifesto on why creativity matters, but it fails to provide the tools to actually foster it in a diverse, troubled classroom environment.

Show more
Ubolwan

To be fair, Robinson is an engaging speaker, but this book relies way too heavily on anecdotes rather than rigorous research. For example, he uses Pixar’s internal school to argue that 'creativity loves collaboration.' However, he never actually proves that this collaborative environment led to their success; he just assumes it. I’ve read Susan Cain’s 'Quiet,' which offers a much better-researched perspective on how many creative people actually need solitude to thrive. Robinson’s claims often feel bold and loud but ultimately empty when you look for a bibliography to back them up. The title is also quite misleading. I thought I was getting a guide on how to be more creative myself, but instead, I got a long-winded history lesson on the education system. I came away feeling more frustrated than inspired.

Show more
Show all reviews

Questions about this book

Robinson argues that every person is highly creative, but schools and workplaces designed for the industrial revolution trained people to conform and follow orders instead. Because technology now changes so fast, the real advantage lies in creative ideas, so individuals and organizations need to deliberately rebuild the capacity that old systems pushed aside.

To him, creativity is imagination put to use: generating original ideas of real value and then following through on them. It is not limited to the arts. It can work through physical materials like wood or food, sensory ones like sound and light, or abstract ones like words and numbers, and it unfolds in two steps, generating ideas and then evaluating them.

Public schooling took shape around 1860 to prepare workers for industry, and it still resembles a factory, with bells, grade-by-grade progression and teachers as specialized supervisors. Testing pressure made it worse. Under the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, funding was tied to math and English scores, so the arts lost time and money.

Robinson says leaders should stop thinking every idea must come from them and instead build an environment where others can create. That does not mean chaos: creativity grows where experiment and supervision are balanced. He recommends flexible structures, freer information flow and interdisciplinary teams, as at IDEO and at Pixar, whose in-house university is open to all staff.

It suits team leads and founders who want more original thinking from their people, professionals who decided long ago that they are not creative, and parents or educators worried about test-centered schooling. Robinson’s advice to parents is to let children follow wide interests, since a winding path can lead somewhere unexpected and good.

AUDIO SUMMARY AVAILABLE

Listen to Out of Our Minds in 15 minutes

Get the key ideas from Out of Our Minds by Ken Robinson, plus 5,000+ more nonfiction titles.

  • 5,000+ titles
  • Listen as much as you want
  • 7-day free trial
  • Cancel anytime

Out of Our Minds

Preview · Full summary 14 min 16 sec
Home

Discover

Open app

Log in