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14 min 39 sec
Available in:English

How Bad Are Bananas?: The Carbon Footprint of Everything

Puts a carbon number on everyday choices, from texts and bananas to flights and laundry. It shows which few habits really matter and how to cut a typical footprint by a third without upending daily life.

Table of Content

Most people trying to live greener worry about the wrong things. In How Bad Are Bananas?, carbon expert Mike Berners-Lee shows that a single return flight from London to Hong Kong has the same footprint as 340,000 plastic shopping bags. He gives everyday choices a number, from a text message to a latte to a load of laundry, so that they can all be compared on one scale.

Once they are, the few choices that really weigh a lot stand out, and most of them can change without turning daily life upside down. His target is modest: cut a typical British footprint by a third. The figures date from around 2010, and the book warns that much may have shifted since, but the sense of proportion still holds. What follows is a working feel for what a coffee, a commute or a weekly shop really costs, and a short list of changes that do far more than switching a bag.

Carbon dioxide gets the headlines, yet some greenhouse gases are hundreds or thousands of times stronger. A single conversion puts a steak, a flight and a phone call side by side, and it shows how unequal footprints are around the world.

Volcanoes give off gas even when calm, and one fire season can match the yearly output of millions of people. Set beside chimneys, engines and cleared forests, though, those figures settle a familiar argument.

Paper feels like the virtuous choice at the checkout, and an email feels free. Put real numbers on both and instinct turns out to be a shaky guide to what helps and what does not.

Even a cyclist leaves a trace, depending on breakfast. Compare every way of making the same journey and one option sits far above the rest, with a long-distance version that swallows months of a carbon budget.

The question in the book’s title has a surprising answer, and the reason lies partly in a thick yellow skin. A small bunch of asparagus shows how the same vegetable can cost almost thirty times as much.

About a quarter of the food people buy is thrown away, and cherry tomatoes cost more than they seem. A set of kitchen changes, none of them requiring a vegan diet, adds up to a striking reduction.

Two cups of coffee can differ more than fifteen times in footprint, and the beans are not the reason. At home, one appliance, the clothes dryer, is where most of a laundry load’s footprint really comes from.

What Berners-Lee offers, finally, is a sense of proportion. Guilt about the climate tends to settle on small, visible things like the plastic bag or the unread email. Meanwhile the heavy items go unnoticed: the long-haul flight, the steak, the food thrown away, the tumble dryer. With one unit for everything, those gaps become obvious. The 10-tonne target, a third below the average British footprint, then looks less like sacrifice than a series of sensible swaps.

The book supports a few places to begin. Look first at any flight on the calendar, since one return trip to Hong Kong uses nearly half a year’s budget. In the kitchen, waste less and eat less meat and dairy, two moves that can each take up to a quarter off a diet’s footprint. At home, move the laundry from the dryer to a rack. And do not wait for a perfect plan: Berners-Lee counts any reduction as a win, even one as plain as driving ten miles per hour slower.

The banana was never the real problem. The real question is which choices weigh the most, and now that question has numbers.

About this book

What is this book about?

Most advice on living greener treats every choice as equally important. So people fret over shopping bags while booking long-haul flights. Mike Berners-Lee, a carbon specialist and Lancaster University professor, takes a different route. He converts every greenhouse gas into one unit, carbon dioxide equivalent, and uses it to price ordinary life: a text message, an email, a banana, a latte, a commute, a shower, a load of laundry. The numbers, mostly estimates from around 2010, often overturn instinct. Plastic bags edge out paper on carbon. Bananas turn out to be fairly harmless, while air-freighted asparagus is anything but. One return flight to Hong Kong matches 340,000 plastic bags. All the world's volcanoes together emit less than 1 percent of what humans do. From these figures Berners-Lee builds a realistic goal, the 10-tonne lifestyle, which brings an average British footprint down by a third. Readers get a sense of proportion they can use in the shop, the kitchen and when planning travel. They also get a food plan that can cut a diet's footprint by 60 to 75 percent.

Book Information

Rating:

Genre:

Nature & the Environment

Topics:

Sustainability

Publisher:

Greystone Books

Language:

English

Narrator:

Emily

First published:

May 13, 2010

Pages:

232

Length:

14 min 39 sec

Get the book:

Amazon

Who it's for

  • Unsure which habits matter

    People who want to shrink their carbon footprint but cannot tell which habits really matter.

  • Flyers, commuters and shoppers

    Frequent flyers, commuters and household shoppers weighing everyday trade-offs.

  • Tired of volcano claims

    People tired of hearing that volcanoes outpollute humans who want figures to answer back.

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About the Author

Mike Berners-Lee

Mike Berners-Lee is a professor at Lancaster University and the founder of Small World Consulting, a firm that measures and manages carbon in supply chains. His other books include The Burning Question and There Is No Planet B, and he was a contributing author to The Climate Book, created by Greta Thunberg. He speaks about climate change in talks and on radio and television, and he writes often for the Guardian.

Ratings & Reviews

Ratings at a glance

4.2

Overall score based on 288 ratings.

What people think

Listeners find the book educational and stimulating, with one listener noting that it serves as a practical guide for lifestyle choices. The layout receives favorable feedback, with one listener describing it as well-organized. The accessibility, premise, and flow receive varied reactions; while some find the content captivating, others say it is difficult to read, and one listener points out that the subject matter is complicated.

Top reviews

Hana

Ever wonder how much damage your morning latte actually does? This book is a fascinating deep dive into the hidden carbon costs of our daily existence. Mike Berners-Lee breaks things down from 10 grams to millions of tons, making the abstract concept of a carbon footprint feel tangible. I loved the section on how a banana is actually a relatively low-impact snack compared to out-of-season asparagus. It’s written with a dry wit that keeps the data-heavy chapters from becoming a total slog. Truly eye-opening stuff for anyone trying to live more sustainably without losing their mind over every plastic bag. The comparisons are what really make it work.

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Tom

Finally got around to reading this and it’s a total game-changer for my grocery shopping. I had no idea that a loaded car could actually be more carbon-efficient than a train per person, or that my cheese habit was so much worse than eating fruit. The author has a great way of putting things into perspective—like comparing a text message to a flight to Spain. It helps you prioritize the big changes instead of sweating the small stuff like hand dryers. It’s witty, well-researched, and doesn't preach at you. If you want to actually understand climate impact instead of just feeling guilty, read this. It is absolutely worth it.

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Cooper

This book is essentially the bible for anyone who wants to understand their impact on the world without getting bogged down in 500-page academic papers. Mike Berners-Lee (yes, Tim’s brother!) manages to make carbon footprints actually interesting. I loved the diverse range of topics, from forest fires and wars down to the energy cost of a single Google search. It’s not just about what you buy; it’s about understanding the whole system, including the subsidies that keep certain industries afloat. It’s an empowering read because it gives you the data to make your own choices rather than just following green trends blindly. Highly recommended for every household.

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Thida

Picked this up because I was tired of hearing conflicting advice about paper versus plastic. The truth is much more nuanced than I thought, involving things like methane release in landfills that I hadn't even considered. Berners-Lee is upfront about his guesstimation approach, which I actually appreciated because it feels more transparent than claiming 100% precision in a field this complex. My only gripe is the Kindle formatting; there are some annoying typos and weird layout glitches that pull you out of the experience. Still, it’s a brilliant reference guide that I’ll be keeping on my digital shelf for a long time. It really puts things into perspective.

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Hannah

The chapter on Bitcoin and space tourism was a real shocker for me. It’s wild to see how seemingly virtual activities have such a massive physical footprint on the planet. Berners-Lee writes in a very accessible way, though some of the technical sections on methane conversion got a bit dense. To be fair, he’s trying to simplify a massive amount of data, so I forgive the occasional rough estimate. It’s organized brilliantly, moving from tiny impacts to global catastrophes like volcanoes and war. This isn't a book you read for the plot; it’s a manual for modern life. It helps you pick your battles wisely in an era of climate anxiety.

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Gai

After hearing my brother-in-law rave about this, I decided to see if the hype was real. It definitely changed my perspective on a few things, especially the whole diaper debate—turns out disposables aren't the absolute villains I thought they were compared to the energy used to wash reusables. The book is structured in a way that makes it easy to look up specific items, which is its greatest strength. However, the pacing is a bit uneven; some sections fly by while others feel like a math textbook. I’d recommend it as a reference tool rather than a weekend read, but the insights provided are undeniably valuable for a conscious consumer.

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William

Look, we all know we need to do better, but this book actually shows you where to start. The comparison between cycling fueled by cheeseburgers versus bananas was hilarious and deeply informative. It highlights the rebound effect—how saving energy in one place often leads us to waste it elsewhere—which is something more people need to talk about. The writing style is conversational and punchy, though it can get a bit repetitive if you read too many chapters in one sitting. It's a solid 4-star read that will definitely make you think twice before buying out-of-season produce. It's thinky and entertaining all at once. Great for a gift.

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Rod

As someone who lives in the US, I found the heavy UK bias a bit distracting at times. The author focuses a lot on very specific British habits and brands—like the obsession with Lake District sheep farms—which didn't always translate for me. While the general principles are solid, the constant reminders that he's roughly guessing started to grate after the first hundred pages. It's informative, sure, but the tone can feel a little smug, like a middle-class lecture on why you shouldn't buy air-freighted flowers. It's a good book to dip into for specific stats, but reading it cover-to-cover was a bit of a chore for me personally.

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Vera

Wait, so bananas aren't actually that bad? That's the main takeaway for me, but the rest of the book was a bit of a mixed bag. The author uses a lot of ballpark figures, which makes sense given the complexity, but it leaves you feeling a bit unsure about the actual science. Also, the edition I read was riddled with typos and weird layout issues that made the charts hard to follow. It’s a clever concept and I like the affable narrator, but it feels a bit dated now. It’s okay for a quick look at your footprint, but don't expect a definitive scientific manual. It is better as a coffee table book.

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Joy

Frankly, this book did more to spike my anxiety than it did to help the planet. Every page felt like a new list of horrors that I’m personally responsible for, from the clothes I dry in the machine to the emails I send. While the author claims he isn't being judgmental, there’s an underlying vibe of unbearable smugness that felt very elitist and upper-middle-class. I also found the sheer number of spelling mistakes in the text to be really unprofessional for a book that's supposed to be scientific. If you're already stressed about the environment, maybe skip this one for your own sanity. It's a bit of an encyclopaedia of triggers.

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Questions about this book

Not especially. Mike Berners-Lee estimates a banana at about 80 grams of CO2e, roughly the same as an average supermarket apple. Bananas grow without artificial light, and their skin protects them well enough that they need no extra packaging and are not flown in. An orange is slightly higher at about 90 grams, but an air-freighted one reaches around 1 kilogram, which shows how much transport can matter.

It is Berners-Lee’s target for an average British person: bringing a yearly footprint of about 15 metric tons of CO2e down to 10, a cut of one third. It also works as a yardstick. A daily coffee shop coffee can use about 1 percent of that budget, while a return flight from London to Hong Kong, at 4.6 metric tons, uses nearly six months of it.

Flying stands out. On a round trip of about 800 miles between London and Glasgow, the plane costs around 500 kilograms of CO2e, about ten times a cyclist and far more than a train or a small car. Food is the other big area. It makes up about 20 percent of a footprint, and Berners-Lee’s kitchen changes, led by less meat and dairy and less waste, can cut a diet’s footprint by 60 to 75 percent.

On carbon alone, Berners-Lee finds plastic slightly better, because paper in a landfill rots and releases methane. A plastic supermarket bag is about 10 grams of CO2e, a recycled paper bag around 12 and a thick store bag up to 80. He stresses that plastic lasts for centuries and harms animals, so a reusable tote is the best option, and any paper that is used should be recycled.

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How Bad Are Bananas?

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