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15 min 33 sec
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Crypto Wars: Faked Deaths, Missing Billions, and Industry Disruption

Erica Stanford tells the stories behind crypto's wildest scams, from a vanished founder to a disputed death, and shows the warning signs that could have saved investors their money.

Table of Content

Most people who lost money in early crypto were not beaten by complicated technology; they fell for very old tricks dressed in new code. In Crypto Wars, Erica Stanford, a commentator on digital currency who lectures at Warwick Business School, tells the stories behind the market’s wildest years, from a founder who vanished after a flight to Athens to one whose death put an estimated $250 million out of reach. Her first lesson is blunt: a coin that tells you its own future price is making it up, because nobody can know what any currency will be worth next month.

Each case shows the same handful of tricks at work, and each trick leaves a mark you can learn to see. If you hold crypto, feel tempted by it or simply want to follow the headlines, these stories turn other people’s losses into a short set of questions to ask before your money moves: who runs the project, what really pays the returns, who holds the keys and who gains from the buzz.

A new coin promised a card that worked in every country, bills paid in crypto and a price set to jump more than tenfold. Fifteen million dollars poured in. The clues were sitting in plain sight.

Ninety-eight out of a hundred new coins came to nothing, yet investors kept lining up. One coin even promised a zero percent return and kept its word. What made the market so easy to exploit?

Some early members of a new digital currency grew rich very quickly, and their wallets showed real cash flowing in. The money was real. Its source was the part nobody looked at closely.

OneCoin investors could check their wallets daily and watch their tokens climb. The numbers looked as secure as any bank statement. Then regulators started asking questions, and the founder boarded a plane.

A young founder ran one of the most trusted exchanges in the business, then died on his honeymoon. His customers’ coins became unreachable, and a strange trail of paperwork has left many wondering what really happened.

Nobody can push Bitcoin’s price around with a single trade. Thousands of tiny coins are a different matter, and an online video that looks like friendly advice may be the start of somebody’s exit.

A software pioneer with a wanted poster in his past discovered that his tweets could add billions to an obscure coin. Then a disagreement over payment showed how fast that value could disappear.

Stanford’s stories add up to a map of how trust gets abused when money moves faster than the rules. The technology in these cases was new. The tricks were not: promises nobody could keep, faces nobody could see, profits fed by the next recruit, one person holding everyone’s savings, and prices that rose because someone loud said so. Crypto, as she describes it, let those old tricks run at a speed and scale that regulators could not yet match.

That makes the defense easy to carry. Before money leaves your account, find the real names behind a project and read its plans with time to spare. Ask what would pay you if new buyers stopped arriving, and test a small withdrawal before believing any balance on a screen. Treat a famous endorsement of a tiny coin as a reason to slow down.

Stanford does not tell readers to give up on crypto. She points to Plastic Bank, which gives digital money to residents of some of the poorest communities on Earth for each kilogram of plastic waste they gather. The technology can do good. Cotten’s empty attic is the picture to keep: your coins are only as safe as whoever holds the keys.

About this book

What is this book about?

In its early years, cryptocurrency made some buyers rich almost overnight, and that promise drew a flood of eager newcomers into a market that was barely regulated. A huge number of new coins appeared, most of them with little function or value, and some of them were built from the start to take investors' money. Erica Stanford, a crypto commentator and guest lecturer at Warwick Business School, tells the stories behind that era. There is PlexCoin, which promised a card that worked anywhere without exchange fees. There is OneCoin, whose founder vanished after a flight to Athens. There is QuadrigaCX, whose founder died on his honeymoon with the keys to an estimated $250 million in customers' coins, and there are the pump and dump groups and the antivirus pioneer whose tweets could inflate a coin. Each story exposes a trick that is older than crypto itself. Readers come away able to judge a crypto pitch: who stands behind it, where its returns come from, who controls the coins and who profits from the excitement.

Book Information

Rating:

Genre:

Crypto & Blockchain

Topics:

Business Scandals, Investing, Markets

Publisher:

Hachette

Language:

English

Narrator:

Julia

First published:

July 27, 2021

Pages:

264

Length:

15 min 33 sec

Get the book:

Amazon

Who it's for

  • New to crypto investing

    New and would-be crypto investors who want to recognize a scam before they buy.

  • Skeptics and curious professionals

    Skeptics and curious professionals who want the real stories behind the crypto headlines.

  • Tempted by online tips

    Anyone who has been tempted by a tip from an online video or a famous name on social media.

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About the Author

Erica Stanford

Erica Stanford is an author, speaker and commentator on cryptocurrency and digital currency. She is an Associate Guest Lecturer at Warwick Business School, teaching how crypto is used and applied. She founded the Crypto Curry Club, a UK community running networking and education events for crypto, fintech and blockchain, edits its weekly newsletter and co-hosts its live podcast. She also runs the monthly Blockchain Industry Review and holds a Masters from the University of Edinburgh.

Ratings & Reviews

Ratings at a glance

4.2

Overall score based on 214 ratings.

What people think

Listeners find that perspectives differ concerning the editorial quality and writing, as some feel the storytelling is repetitive or missing firm evidence for its anecdotes. Nevertheless, many value the work as a very approachable and interesting overview of the history of digital currency scams. They also appreciate the thorough breakdowns of famous frauds like OneCoin and the activities of John McAfee, with one listener commenting that the author successfully "outlines the intricacies of blockchain currencies in layman’s terms." Finally, they note that the book offers a fair viewpoint by recognizing the authentic possibilities of blockchain tech while still addressing the many criminal elements within the field.

Top reviews

Yulia

After hearing so much buzz about the 'Missing Crypto Queen' podcast, I finally grabbed this book to get the full context on OneCoin and Dr. Ruja Ignatova. It did not disappoint! Stanford is an incredibly knowledgeable guide who explains blockchain intricacies in layman's terms without making the reader feel stupid. The way she outlines the MLM structure of these scams is brilliant and easy to follow. I loved that the book isn't just a one-sided hit piece against technology; it actually highlights the legitimate potential of blockchain, like the Plastic Bank project. It's a balanced history of the industry's growing pains. If you are new to the space, this is a must-read to protect your wallet. I finished it in two sittings because the case studies were just so compelling and heartbreaking. Truly an eye-opening journey into modern fraud.

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Ruangrat

If this book prevents even one person from handing over their life savings to a shady ICO, then it has performed a vital service. Erica Stanford breaks down the psychological tactics used by scammers like Dr. Ruja with such clarity that you’ll never look at a 'guaranteed return' the same way again. The chapter on pump-and-dump groups and YouTube influencers was particularly revealing for me. It’s terrifying how easily a single tweet from someone like John McAfee could wipe out or create millions in valuation. The writing is snappy, engaging, and perfect for someone who isn't a financial expert. I found the section on how Bitcoin was originally created as a response to the banking crisis very grounded. It provides a necessary historical context that many other books overlook. This should be required reading for anyone before they open a Coinbase account.

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Sue

Wow, what a chaotic and wild ride through the darker corners of the internet. Erica Stanford manages to peel back the curtain on the 'Wild West' of digital currency, focusing heavily on the madness of the mid-2010s bubble. I was particularly gripped by the sections on John McAfee; his transition from antivirus mogul to a bizarre crypto influencer is almost too strange to be real. The book successfully breaks down how nearly 98% of ICOs were essentially fraudulent from the start. While the author uses very accessible language that doesn't gatekeep the technology, I did notice some repetitive phrasing throughout the chapters. That said, the storytelling is fast-paced enough that you keep turning pages. It is a terrifying cautionary tale for anyone thinking about chasing the next big moonshot without doing their due diligence first. I highly recommend it for the true crime entertainment value alone.

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Aubrey

Picked this up on a whim because I'm a massive true crime fan, and the cover looked great. I didn't know anything about Bitcoin or Ethereum, but I didn't need to. Stanford does a great job of explaining how the lack of regulation created a perfect storm for bad actors. The story of QuadrigaCX and the missing safe in the attic was genuinely chilling. Why were there four holes in the rafters? It’s these kinds of specific, gritty details that make the book work. Truth is, the crypto world is full of characters that seem like they were written for a movie. My only gripe is that I wanted more focus on the technology itself and less on the same 'get rich quick' anecdotes. Still, it’s a very informative read for anyone who wants to understand how the 2017 bubble actually functioned. It’s definitely an enlightening few weeks of reading.

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Udom

Finally got around to reading this, and I appreciated how it wasn't just a total 'doomsday' account of the industry. Stanford manages to be critical of the rampant fraud while still acknowledging that blockchain is a revolutionary technology. The example of the Plastic Bank was a highlight for me; it shows how digital currency can actually empower poor communities instead of just fleecing them. That said, the book is a bit repetitive in its warnings. You can only be told that 'if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is' so many times before you start skimming. Regardless, the deep dives into OneCoin and the Telegram-based manipulation groups were worth the price of admission. It’s a solid, accessible entry point for anyone curious about the messier side of fintech.

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Leila

Is it worth the read? Yes, but only if you have the patience for a lot of redundant information. The core content of 'Crypto Wars' is definitely interesting, especially the breakdown of the QuadrigaCX mystery and the vanishing of Gerald Cotten. However, the author tends to circle back to the same points over and over again. She keeps scaring the reader with the same warnings about red flags and Ponzi schemes instead of moving the narrative forward. Look, the insights into how pump-and-dump groups operate on Telegram are valuable, but the book could have been fifty pages shorter and much more impactful. It feels a bit like a collection of long-form blog posts rather than a cohesive, structured book. It’s a decent introductory guide for a total novice, but seasoned crypto enthusiasts might find the lack of technical depth or new information a bit frustrating.

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Chaiwat

To be fair, Stanford does a decent job explaining complex blockchain concepts without using too much jargon. I appreciated the specific examples of red flags, like PlexCoin’s lack of a team photo or their last-minute financial reports. These are practical lessons for any investor. However, the book feels a bit dated in its perspective, focusing almost entirely on the 2016-2018 era. The crypto world moves at light speed, and some of the advice feels a bit late. Also, some of the stories seem a bit one-sided. I would have liked more interviews with people actually building legitimate projects to balance out the constant stream of fraud stories. It’s a good 'History of Scams' but not necessarily a definitive guide to the 'Crypto Wars.' It’s a three-star read—informative enough to finish, but not something I’d revisit or keep on my shelf forever.

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Ladawan

Not what I expected given the rave reviews on the jacket. The subject of cryptocurrency scams is absolutely gripping, but the author's writing style is a bit distracting. She uses the same metaphors repeatedly and makes some very bold claims about the scale of certain scams without enough supporting evidence to back them up. For example, she talks about investors losing everything but doesn't provide the investigative depth I was looking for. It felt more like a summary of news articles than original reporting. I gave it three stars because the specific case studies, like the one about PonziCoin, are genuinely funny and illustrative of investor greed. It’s a fast read, but don’t expect a masterpiece of financial journalism. It’s more of a casual overview for the curious layman.

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Cha

This book addresses a fascinating subject, but I found the execution quite lacking and frankly untrustworthy at times. The author relies on bold, sweeping statements without providing the necessary data or citations to support her stories. For instance, she mentions an ICO in Vietnam raising massive sums from thousands of investors, yet the math doesn't seem to align with the country's GDP per capita. It feels like she’s exaggerating to make the 'Wild West' narrative fit. To be fair, the terminology is extremely repetitive; I lost count of how many times the phrase 'out of thin air' appeared in the first few chapters. The editing is also poor, with digital links that just loop back to the same paragraphs. It’s a shame because the crypto scam landscape is an important topic that deserves a more rigorous, well-researched treatment than this amateurish attempt.

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Milk

The subject matter is incredibly important, yet the writing feels amateurish and often sensationalist. Stanford claims people sold their homes and emptied their entire life savings into these coins, yet she rarely names specific victims or provides verified sources for these extreme anecdotes. It reads like a journalist trying to spice up a story by copy-pasting rumors they found online. I was also bothered by her patronizing tone regarding 'those days' as if 2014 was ancient history. Scams happen in every society, not just in some mythical lawless vacuum. In the fourth chapter, her lack of understanding regarding how traditional investment funds work becomes quite obvious, which makes her critiques of the crypto world less credible. Personally, I found the book to be poorly edited and filled with overstatements that detract from the actual truth of the scams. I'd skip this one and find a better-written source.

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Questions about this book

It tells the stories behind cryptocurrency’s wild, barely regulated early years, when thousands of new coins appeared and most failed or were scams. Stanford covers PlexCoin’s too-good-to-be-true pitch, OneCoin’s fake ledger and vanished founder, QuadrigaCX’s founder who died holding the keys to an estimated $250 million, pump and dump groups, and John McAfee’s market-moving tweets. Each case reveals an old trick hidden behind new technology.

Stanford’s cases point to several. Be wary of a coin that promises its own future price, since no currency’s value can be predicted. Watch for a website that names nobody behind the project, or a spending plan published too late to read. Ask whether returns come from new recruits, whether the coin can actually be exchanged for cash, and who controls the wallet holding your coins.

OneCoin launched in 2014 and paid members a 25 percent cut for recruiting new investors. It claimed to use blockchain but stored its tokens in a database Dr. Ruja could secretly alter, and it was never listed on any exchange. As regulators and banks warned that it was a Ponzi scheme, she flew from Sofia to Athens in 2017 and has not been seen since.

No. Stanford notes that established currencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum have proven solid investments, and that regulation has made the market harder to manipulate. Her warning is aimed at new, unproven coins and at platforms where one person controls everything. She also highlights Plastic Bank, which rewards people in poor communities with digital money for collecting plastic waste, as an example of crypto used for good.

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