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15 min 35 sec
Available in:English

Raising Cain: Protecting the Emotional Life of Boys

Shows why boys who seem tough or uncaring are often hiding real pain, and how parents and teachers can spot warning signs and help boys talk about feelings instead of armoring them.

Table of Content

Many adults take a sullen, rowdy or silent boy as proof that boys feel less. In Raising Cain, child psychologists Dan Kindlon and Michael Thompson argue that boys feel plenty and learn early that showing it is dangerous. A national survey of American teenage boys found that the more strongly a boy endorsed stereotypical ideas of manhood, the likelier he was to use drugs and coerce someone into unprotected sex.

That finding points to the book’s throughline. A narrow idea of manhood, a slower start at school and everyday cruelty teach boys to armor their feelings, and the armor costs them in grades, love, loneliness and sometimes their lives. Adults who expect that inner life and welcome it can change the outcome. Parents and teachers will learn what often lies behind a boy’s silence, which warning signs to act on, and small responses that work, from a jump-rope corner to a hug on the boy’s own terms.

From old cowboy films to modern video games, one picture of a real man keeps reappearing. A survey of teenage boys across the United States measured what believing in that picture actually does to them.

In many early classrooms the girls listen while the boys squirm, and adults usually blame upbringing. The authors point to a different cause, and to one kindergarten fix so simple it involves a jump rope.

Teenage boys copy each other’s clothes and shows with remarkable care, and it looks like simple fashion. Two therapists who work inside schools explain the fear driving it, including among the popular boys and the bullies.

The young man who seduces and never calls seems to have no feelings at all. A thirteen-year-old’s first heartbreak, and a notorious womanizer’s later life, suggest something else is going on.

A teenage boy behind a closed bedroom door is so familiar a picture that most adults shrug. One lonely boy’s story shows why that shrug can be a mistake, and which signs separate a phase from trouble.

Boys are supposed to be resilient enough to handle anything. National figures on youth suicide, and the story of a note passed around one classroom, show how costly that belief can become.

For years, research on parenting looked almost entirely at mothers. When studies finally turned to fathers, one small habit predicted a child’s adult earnings better than anything else the researchers measured.

Somewhere around the preteen years, many sons stop leaning in for a goodbye hug, and many mothers quietly step back. One ten-year-old found his own way to ask for what he was missing.

The boy who seems not to care, in Kindlon and Thompson’s account, is usually a boy who learned that caring is unsafe. Action heroes, a later start at school and hallways where one visible feeling can cost a reputation all teach the same lesson. Its price comes due later: a drunken fight after a breakup, years of casual sex, a closed bedroom door, a note about a bridge that no one believed.

The authors’ advice runs against toughening boys up. Let a boy have an inner emotional life, and encourage him to talk about his feelings, so he learns to understand them and say them instead of turning to defensiveness and aggression. In daily life that can look like a father at the teacher meeting, a mother who keeps the after-school hug going, a teacher who lets restless children jump rope. Most of all, it means believing a boy the first time he signals pain.

Boys will be boys, the saying goes. The authors would add that boys feel far more than they show.

About this book

What is this book about?

The old saying that boys will be boys excuses a lot: restless classrooms, schoolyard fights, sullen silences. Child psychologists Dan Kindlon and Michael Thompson argue that it also hides how boys actually feel. In their account, boys have rich emotional lives, but they grow up surrounded by tough, emotionally detached heroes, they mature later than girls in school, and they live among peers ready to punish any sign of weakness. So they learn to keep their guard up. The authors draw on their therapy work with boys and on studies ranging from a national survey of teenage boys to research on fathers and on youth suicide. They follow the cost of that guard from kindergarten hyperactivity to locker room cruelty, from heartbreak handled with fists to isolation and, in the worst cases, death. Readers get a clear way to read the behavior of the boys in their lives, the warning signs that call for action, and practical responses: classrooms that let boys move, fathers who show up, mothers who keep offering comfort, and adults who invite boys to talk about what they feel.

Book Information

Rating:

Genre:

Parenting & Families

Topics:

Emotional Intelligence, Gender, Parenting

Publisher:

Penguin Random House

Language:

English

Narrator:

Laura

First published:

April 4, 1999

Pages:

320

Length:

15 min 35 sec

Get the book:

Amazon

Who it's for

  • Parents worried about sons

    Parents of sons who worry about a boy's silence, anger or withdrawal.

  • Teachers, coaches and counselors

    Teachers, coaches and school counselors who see restless or bullied boys every day.

  • Raised not to cry

    Anyone who grew up told that real men don't cry and wants to understand what it cost.

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About the Author

Dan Kindlon

Dan Kindlon holds a Ph.D. and has taught child psychology and researched child development on the Harvard University faculty. His clinical work focuses on behavioral and emotional problems in children and teens, and he has run a private therapy practice for boys and their families. Michael Thompson is a child psychologist, school consultant and international speaker who has worked as a child and family therapist for more than fifteen years and served as staff psychologist at an all-boys school near Boston.

Ratings & Reviews

Ratings at a glance

4.2

Overall score based on 66 ratings.

What people think

Listeners find that this work offers a more profound insight into the emotional inner lives of boys and serves as an excellent resource for both educators and parents. The writing is clear and approachable, and one listener remarked on its conversational style. Listeners value the instructions on cultivating emotional literacy and describe the narrative as captivating, with one review noting that it conjures up memories of their own childhood. The pacing receives high marks, and one listener characterized the book as riveting.

Top reviews

Bond

After hearing about this book for years, I finally dove in, and the perspective on emotional literacy is nothing short of eye-opening. The authors write with a conversational tone that makes heavy psychological concepts feel accessible to anyone. Personally, reading about the 'culture of cruelty' brought back visceral childhood memories of trying to fit into a rigid masculine mold. It's a riveting exploration of how we inadvertently teach boys to silence their inner lives. While the pacing is excellent, the real value is in the empathy it builds for the young men in our lives. Every parent should have a copy on their shelf.

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Dao

Ever wonder why the men in your life struggle to articulate their feelings or just say 'I’m fine' when they are clearly hurting? Raising Cain provides the answer by dissecting the emotional muzzling that begins in early childhood. The writing is incredibly easy to read, yet it dives deep into the high costs of harsh discipline and the 'macho' image society forces upon boys. I appreciated how Kindlon and Thompson didn't just blame parents but looked at the broader culture of cruelty. It’s a fascinating narrative that helped me understand my husband and father just as much as my son. Truly a great tool.

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Hana

Wow, this was a powerful read that completely reframed how I look at masculinity and the way we raise our sons. The truth is, we often expect boys to be 'little men' before they even have the linguistic skills to understand their own emotions. This book serves as a bridge, helping parents foster the emotional literacy that our culture so often tries to stomp out. I found the pacing to be excellent—it never felt like a slog, which is rare for a book written by two PhDs. It’s a compassionate, necessary look at the hidden struggles of being a boy in a cruel world.

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Siriporn

The chapter on school environments really struck a chord with me, especially the discussion on how boys develop impulse control differently than girls. As someone who has always felt that schools can be unintentionally 'feminized' spaces, it was refreshing to see professional psychologists acknowledge this. They argue that we often label boys as 'bad' simply because they are more physically active or linguistically behind their female peers at a young age. My only gripe is that the case studies can feel a bit repetitive after a while. Still, the insight into how we 'toughen up' boys far too early is a vital lesson for any educator.

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James

As an educator, I see these exact dynamics playing out in my classroom every single day, and this book gave me the language to address them. We are often so quick to punish boys for their lack of impulse control without realizing that they are navigating a society that treats any sign of vulnerability as a weakness. The authors do a fantastic job of explaining why boys retreat into silence or aggression. Look, it’s not a perfect 'how-to' manual, but the psychological depth provided is invaluable. It’s a call to action for us to be more attuned to the inner lives of our male students.

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Anucha

Not what I expected, but in a good way; I thought this would be a dry academic text, but it’s actually quite riveting. The narrative flows smoothly, moving between psychological theory and real-life stories that keep you turning the pages. I found the section on adolescent sexuality particularly frank and necessary, as it’s a topic many parenting books avoid. To be fair, some of the conclusions about the 'feminization' of school felt slightly overstated to me. However, the core message about protecting a boy's emotional life is something I haven't been able to stop thinking about since I finished it.

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Dek

To be fair, Kindlon and Thompson have some valid points about the 'culture of cruelty' that surrounds boys, even if they occasionally veer into hyperbole. I particularly enjoyed the discussion on how fathers, who are often emotionally illiterate themselves, struggle to connect with their sons. It’s a cycle that needs to be broken. Although I wish there were more 'average' boys represented in the case studies, the lessons on building an emotional vocabulary are still universal. It’s a thoughtful book that encourages you to look past the 'tough guy' exterior and see the human being underneath. Well worth the time.

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Hannah

Picked this up because I’m raising two young sons and wanted to be proactive, but I have mixed feelings about the final product. On one hand, the call for emotional literacy is essential and the authors make a compelling case against physical discipline. On the other hand, the book leans so heavily on extreme examples like Columbine that it feels a bit dated and fear-driven. Are all boys really one 'toughen up' comment away from a crisis? I think the reality is more multifactorial than the authors suggest. It's a decent read for the theory, but take the alarmist tone with a grain of salt.

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Chon

Frankly, I found this volume more depressing than helpful for the average parent. The authors are clearly talented psychologists, but they seem to have spent too much time with deeply troubled patients and lost sight of the mainstream boy. It felt like I was reading a series of horror stories about adolescent violence and drug abuse rather than a guide for raising a healthy child. Where are the constructive suggestions for those of us not looking for therapy? It's heavy-handed with the alarmist conclusions but offers very little in the way of concrete, day-to-day solutions. I was looking for a toolkit, but I got a case file instead.

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Henry

While the writing is conversational and easy to follow, the content left me wanting more actual parenting advice. It feels like the authors are talking to other therapists rather than to a mom or dad in the trenches. Most of the book is spent diagnosing the 'boy problem' through a series of very sad, very specific case studies of troubled teens. If your son isn't already in a state of crisis, you might find yourself wondering how this applies to your life. I didn't find the 'preventative' suggestions to be nearly as robust as the title would lead you to believe.

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Questions about this book

Dan Kindlon and Michael Thompson argue that boys are not unfeeling. They grow up surrounded by tough male stereotypes, mature later than girls at school and live among peers who punish any sign of weakness, so they learn to hide their emotions. That hiding shows up later as risky behavior, broken relationships, isolation and, in the worst cases, suicide. Adults can help by expecting and welcoming a boy’s emotional life.

The authors say boys mature later than girls. Citing psychologist Diane Halpern, they explain that synapses develop faster in girls, so girls learn reading and counting sooner. Boys make up 60 to 80 percent of children with learning disabilities and are two to four times as likely to be hyperactive. Suggested responses include grouping older boys with younger girls and adding an exercise corner, as Montessori kindergartens did.

Some withdrawal and wish for privacy is normal in adolescent boys. The authors say to pay closer attention when a boy also pulls away from his friends and stays in a gloomy mood for long periods, and to consider a therapist then. Any talk or note about suicide must be taken seriously, even if the boy later denies it, since boys account for most teen suicide deaths.

Research from 1998 cited by the authors found that boys with involved fathers did better at school, were more stable and later held better jobs, and that emotionally close fathers lowered the risk of delinquency. Mothers matter too: nurturing touch reduces stress, and the authors call fears that hugs make boys oversensitive unfounded. They suggest letting a son set the terms, as ten-year-old Aaron did with his after-school hug.

It suits parents raising sons, teachers and counselors who work with boys, and adults who want to understand the pressures they grew up under. The book is especially useful for anyone puzzled by a boy who seems angry, distant or indifferent, because it explains what often lies underneath and gives concrete ways to respond, from taking distress signals seriously to encouraging boys to talk about how they feel.

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