Powers and Thrones: A New History of the Middle Ages
Dan Jones retells a thousand medieval years through the forces behind the thrones: drought, migration, plague, faith, trade and the printing press. The result is a clear map of how the modern world began.

Table of Content
1. Introduction
1 min 00 sec
If the Middle Ages sound to you like a thousand dark years between Rome and the modern world, that picture hides how today’s world was built. In Powers and Thrones, British historian Dan Jones starts with a surprise: one big reason the western Roman Empire fell was a drought thousands of miles from Italy.
That detail sets the tone. Jones tells the medieval millennium through famous rulers, from Attila the Hun to Justinian, but also through less obvious kinds of power: migration, climate, disease, trade networks and new technology. His argument is that these forces, the same ones that fill today’s news, shaped the period and laid the groundwork for modern Europe.
Follow them from the fall of Rome to Martin Luther and you get a map of a thousand years you can explain to anyone, plus a habit of looking past the person on the throne to what is moving underneath.
2. Read Rome's collapse as a climate story
1 min 41 sec
An empire that ruled from North Africa to Asia Minor did not fall only to generals or bad emperors. The first push came from a place no Roman ever saw.
3. Law, language and coins hold an empire together
1 min 53 sec
Armies can win territory, but they rarely keep it. Two empires of the early Middle Ages found other tools, and one of them still shapes what millions of people believe.
4. Turn raiders into allies with the right bargain
1 min 35 sec
Once the most feared warriors in Europe turned to expansion and settlement, a king found another way to stop their raids. His choice created a territory that would matter for centuries.
5. Spot the soft power behind monks and knights
1 min 38 sec
The praying monk and the shining knight are the images most people hold of medieval life. Behind both lay money, social climbing and a gap between legend and reality.
6. Understand the Crusades beyond Christians versus Muslims
1 min 38 sec
The usual story of the Crusades is a holy war between two faiths. The full list of targets is much stranger, and it includes Christian kings and even emperors.
7. Trace the modern company to medieval merchants
1 min 40 sec
Investors pooling money, sharing risk and forecasting profits sounds like a modern boardroom. Merchants were already formalizing the habit around the 1340s, nearly seven centuries ago.
8. Learn what a pandemic did to class power
1 min 49 sec
A disease that killed up to 60 percent of the people in the worst-hit countries also did something its victims could not have expected. It weakened the old social order for good.
9. A printing press that ended an era
2 min 02 sec
A goldsmith borrowed money to build a machine that copied pages faster than any scribe. Within decades it helped the Church raise funds, and then helped a critic tear it apart.
10. Conclusion
1 min 15 sec
Powers and Thrones replaces the dark gap between Rome and modernity with a busy, connected millennium. A drought in eastern Asia pushed the Huns west. One bacterium struck twice, eight centuries apart, and each time an old order cracked. Coins and a common language turned conquest into lasting faith. Merchants sharing the risk of a voyage built the first outline of the company, and a goldsmith’s borrowed money gave a professor in Wittenberg the reach to split a church. Jones’s verdict is that the medieval world was shaped by the forces that occupy us now: climate change, pandemics, mass migration and new technology.
That gives the book a use beyond history. When the news is full of a migrant crisis, a new disease or a new way of communicating, look past the leaders to the forces underneath, and ask who stands to gain, as Urban II did. Remember too that a crisis can move power downward, as the plague did.
The thrones were real. But the powers that toppled and raised them are still at work.
About this book
What is this book about?
Many people still picture the Middle Ages as a dark gap between Rome and modernity, a time of cruelty and ignorance. Dan Jones argues the opposite: this millennium built much of the world we live in now. His angle is to look past the famous rulers, though Attila, Justinian, Charlemagne and Luther all appear, to the larger forces that moved them. A drought in eastern Asia set off the migrations that helped topple western Rome. Coins and a common language spread a new faith across an empire. Monks and knights became forms of soft power. A plague carried along trade routes killed up to 60 percent of people in the worst-hit lands and loosened the grip of serfdom. A goldsmith's press turned a professor's protest into the Protestant Reformation. Readers get one connected story from the fall of Rome to the 1530s, and a habit worth keeping: when climate, disease, migration or a new technology dominates the news, look at what those same forces did the last time they reshaped a continent.
Book Information
Who it's for
Professionals wanting one story
Curious professionals who want the whole medieval millennium as one clear story.
Students lost in dates
Students who find the period a blur of kings and dates and need a thread to follow.
Watching today's crises
Readers watching climate, migration and pandemics in the news who want the long view.
About the Author
Dan Jones
Dan Jones, born in 1981, is a British popular historian who studied at Pembroke College, Cambridge. His books, including The Templars, Henry V and The Plantagenets, have appeared in 23 languages, and he also writes novels such as the Essex Dogs trilogy. He hosts the weekly podcast This Is History, has presented dozens of television documentaries, and is a fellow of the Royal Historical Society.
Ratings & Reviews
Ratings at a glance
What people think
Listeners describe this historical work as engrossing and expertly crafted, spanning a thousand-year period with deep precision. Furthermore, they value how the text clarifies contemporary history, while one listener highlights the extensive notes provided for researching particular references. The book also earns praise for its clear prose, which simplifies intricate historical events and offers an immersive storytelling perspective on the medieval era.
Top reviews
This book is a masterclass in how to make a thousand years of history feel like a gripping page-turner. Dan Jones manages to take the sprawling, often messy timeline from the fall of Rome to the Reformation and distill it into something that feels urgent and alive. I was particularly struck by the way he connects massive macro-forces—like shifting climates and devastating pandemics—to the actual lived experience of the era. The narrative doesn't just sit in Europe either; the chapters on the Mongol Empire and the rise of Islam provide a much-needed global perspective that many older histories lack. It’s a thick volume, but the prose moves at a breakneck speed that never feels like a slog. To be fair, it’s a high-level survey, so you aren’t getting a deep dive into every minor king, but as an entry point into the Middle Ages, it’s absolutely peerless.
Show moreThe chapter on the Mongols was absolutely electric. Before reading this, I had a very Eurocentric view of the Middle Ages, but Jones does an incredible job showing how the East and West were inextricably linked through trade and conquest. The book is massive, yet the author’s enthusiasm is infectious. You can tell he truly loves this period, and that passion translates into a narrative that is hard to put down. I especially appreciated the copious notes and bibliography at the back; it’s clear that while the writing is accessible, the research is rock-solid. He bridges the gap between academic rigor and narrative excitement perfectly. It’s rare to find a history book this long that keeps you engaged from the first page to the last, but the way he weaves together art, law, and religion is just brilliant.
Show moreFinally got around to finishing this behemoth and it was worth every hour spent. Jones succeeds where many historians fail: he makes the Middle Ages feel like a coherent story rather than a series of disconnected 'dark' centuries. The transition from the Roman 'Imperium' to the era of 'Revolution' is handled with such clarity that you finally see the threads connecting these disparate eras. I loved the focus on 'Builders' and the sheer ambition of the Gothic cathedrals. It’s a book about power—who had it, how they kept it, and the forces like technology and climate that eventually took it away. It’s captivating, well-written, and provides a thorough foundation for anyone looking to dive deeper into specific medieval topics. Truly a must-read for history buffs.
Show moreAs someone who usually finds giant historical surveys a bit of a chore, I was pleasantly surprised by how much I enjoyed the sections on 'Scholars' and 'Navigators.' Jones doesn't just focus on kings and popes; he looks at the invention of the university and the birth of modern science. The level of detail is impressive, yet he never loses sight of the big picture. The way he describes the shift from the medieval mind to the Renaissance era is both nuanced and accessible. Personally, I found the discussion on the rise of the printing press and the Protestant Reformation to be a perfect capstone to the book. It’s a heavy lift in terms of page count, but the chapters are broken down so logically that it’s easy to read in chunks. A definitive history for the general reader.
Show moreWhat an incredible journey. From the very first chapter on the collapse of Roman authority in Britain to the final pages on the dawn of the modern world, this book is a triumph. Dan Jones has a talent for making complex geopolitical shifts easy to understand without ever 'dumbing down' the material. I appreciated how he addressed the 'myth' of the Middle Ages as a time of pure ignorance, instead showing a world of sophisticated merchants, brilliant architects, and bold explorers. The modern parallels he draws are thought-provoking, even if they are occasionally controversial. It’s rare to find a history book that feels this relevant to our current global challenges. If you only read one book on the medieval period, make it this one. It’s a massive, sweeping achievement that I’ll be recommending for years.
Show morePicked this up because I wanted a bird’s-eye view of the medieval world that didn’t feel like a dusty lecture. Jones is very much a 'popular historian,' and his style reflects that—it’s punchy, conversational, and filled with modern analogies. While some might find the comparisons to contemporary politics a bit jarring, I thought they helped ground the distant past in a way that made it relevant. The thematic structure is where the book really shines. Instead of just a chronological list of battles, he breaks things down into 'Monks,' 'Merchants,' and 'Knights,' which helps you understand the actual social architecture of the time. My only real gripe is that it occasionally feels like it’s galloping through complex topics a little too quickly. Still, for anyone who wants to understand how the modern West was forged, this is a fantastic and highly readable resource.
Show moreWow, Dan Jones really knows how to market history to the modern reader. Truth is, I was expecting something a bit drier, but this felt more like watching a high-budget documentary series. He has this knack for picking out individual characters—like Attila the Hun or Joan of Arc—and using them to illustrate much larger historical trends. The section on the Black Death was particularly sobering, especially reading it in a post-2020 world. It’s fascinating to see how labor shortages back then actually empowered the peasantry and helped end feudalism. I did feel that the end of the book was a bit rushed, as if he was trying to fit the entire Renaissance into a few final pages, but overall it’s a stellar achievement. If you’re a fan of his YouTube videos or TV specials, you’ll definitely hear his voice coming through the prose.
Show moreAfter hearing so much about the 'Dark Ages' as a period of stagnation, reading this was like finally turning the lights on. It’s a vibrant, colorful, and often violent exploration of a millennium that shaped everything about our current world. Jones is a gifted storyteller who understands that history is about people, not just dates. I found the sections on the Arab conquests and the Byzantine Empire particularly helpful, as they are often ignored in standard Western curricula. My only complaint is that the author's desire to be 'relatable' leads to some sports analogies that felt a bit cheesy. But that’s a minor quibble for a book that manages to be this comprehensive without being boring. It’s an engaging narrative approach that I wish more historians would adopt.
Show moreNot what I expected, but in a good way. I thought this would be a standard political history, but it’s much more of a 'force of nature' history. Jones looks at how things like the plague and the 'Little Ice Age' did more to change the world than any single king ever could. Not gonna lie, some parts are quite dense, especially when he gets into the weeds of early Frankish law or complex theological disputes. However, he always circles back to why it matters for us today. The book is visually stunning too, if you get the physical copy—the maps and illustrations really help visualize the shifting borders of these empires. It’s a solid 4-star read that only misses the 5th star because of some occasionally repetitive phrasing in the middle chapters.
Show moreEver wonder if a book can be both too long and yet somehow too brief? That was my experience here. On one hand, the physical size of the book is intimidating, but because it covers eleven centuries, it often feels like Jones is just skimming the surface of fascinating events. I found the section on the 'fall of Rome' to be a bit repetitive if you've read Peter Heather or Gibbon, and the author's personal asides about modern university culture felt out of place and a bit forced. Frankly, the 'popular' tone occasionally veers into being slightly too casual for my taste. However, the chapters on the building of cathedrals and the rise of global trade networks were genuinely enlightening. It’s a decent introductory text, but if you’re looking for a deep scholarly argument or a fresh perspective on social history, you might find this a bit too close to a high-end textbook.
Show moreQuestions about this book
What is Powers and Thrones by Dan Jones about?
It is a history of the Middle Ages from the fall of western Rome to the Protestant Reformation. Jones covers famous rulers like Attila, Justinian and Charlemagne, but his focus is on larger forces: climate change, mass migration, plague, religion, trade networks and new technology. He argues that these forces, the same ones we face today, shaped the medieval world and laid the foundations of the modern era.
What caused the fall of the western Roman Empire according to Dan Jones?
Jones points to climate change and mass migration. A severe drought in eastern Asia in the mid-fourth century drove the Huns west, which forced the Goths into Roman lands. Waves of migration followed, Attila invaded Italy, and in 476 a Gothic coalition under Odoacer removed Romulus Augustus, the last western emperor.
Were the Crusades only a war between Christians and Muslims?
No. Jones argues the Roman Church used crusades against many kinds of enemies. Beyond the campaigns for Jerusalem, Pope Eugene III authorized Northern Crusades against pagan Slavs in what is now northern Germany and western Poland, which lasted into the fifteenth century. Further crusades were aimed at Mongol leaders, heretics in France, Christian kings and even emperors of the Holy Roman Empire.
How did the Black Death change medieval society?
Beyond killing up to 60 percent of people in the worst-hit countries, the plague exposed the inequalities of medieval society. Violent revolts broke out in Flanders, France, Normandy, Italy and England. They failed in the short term, but class relations had shifted: serfdom faded in many realms and soldiers began receiving salaried contracts instead of land.
How can I apply the ideas in Powers and Thrones?
Use its lens on current events. When climate shifts, migration, disease or a new communication technology dominates the news, look past the leaders to the forces underneath, as Jones does. Ask who benefits from how a conflict is framed, as with the Crusades, and remember that a crisis can redistribute power, as the Black Death did when serfdom faded.
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