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13 min 59 sec
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Doing Good Better: How Effective Altruism Can Help You Help Others, Do Work that Matters, and Make Smarter Choices about Giving Back

Shows how to make your donations, your career and even your shopping do far more good by asking who really benefits, where money is scarce and what would have happened without you.

Table of Content

Most people who give to charity never learn what their money achieved, and William MacAskill argues that this blind spot wastes an enormous amount of good. In Doing Good Better, the Oxford philosopher shows that two gifts of the same size can do wildly different things: aid groups collected about $330,000 for each person killed in Japan’s 2011 earthquake, yet only around $15,000 for each death linked to poverty. Where a dollar lands decides what it can do.

His case is that generosity becomes effective only when it is joined to a few hard questions: how many people benefit and by how much, what would have happened without you, and whether a cause already has more money than it can use. Those questions reach past donations into the job you choose and the coffee you buy. Expect a short set of tests you can run on any charity, career move or ethical purchase, and a clear reason why some of the most popular choices help far less than they seem to.

In the middle of the Rwandan genocide, a Red Cross doctor had far more patients than hands. The rule he wrote on their foreheads is uncomfortable, and it applies to every dollar you give.

A tiny chance of disaster can feel safe enough to ignore. The planners at one Japanese power plant made exactly that call, and MacAskill uses their mistake to show how to judge bets that rarely pay off.

After every major disaster, donations pour in and giving feels urgent. A simple thought experiment about winter sweaters shows why the most visible cause can be one of the places your money does least.

Saving a choking stranger sounds like an unquestionably good deed. Change one detail of the scene and the same rescue looks very different, which is why building schools abroad may help less than it seems.

A young doctor can join a charity in the field or train as a well-paid cancer specialist. MacAskill’s view of which does more good may surprise you, and so may his warning about following your passion.

The best-known way of rating charities would give top marks to one that delivers caviar to hungry bankers. Learn the better question to ask, and why a charity spending almost half its money on overhead can still be a bargain.

Avoiding sweatshop clothes and paying extra for Fairtrade coffee feel like small acts of decency. Follow the money and the workers’ real alternatives, and a different picture appears of who these habits actually help.

Doing Good Better turns kindness into a habit of attention. Wanting to help is the easy part. The hard part is following the money past the moment of giving: to the patient marked 2 who can still be saved, to the neglected disease that receives a twentieth of what a famous disaster gets, to the coffee grower who sees one percent of the premium you paid. MacAskill’s argument is that caring well means caring about what actually happens, even when the answer is uncomfortable.

The practical steps are modest. Find a few charities where you can see that your money makes a real, material difference, judged by what they achieve. Then make giving a routine instead of a reaction; MacAskill suggests a monthly payment that adds up to ten percent of your income. And when you think about your own work, ask whether someone else would do it just as well, and whether a job that suits you could fund more good than one that simply looks good.

Orbinski could not help everyone in that hospital. He made sure his limited hands went where they saved the most lives, and every donor faces the same choice.

About this book

What is this book about?

Many people give to charity, but very few follow their money after it leaves their hands. William MacAskill argues that this gap has produced a wasteful charity sector, where some causes receive far more money than they can use while others are left almost empty. MacAskill, an Oxford philosopher who co-founded the Centre for Effective Altruism, offers a handful of plain tests to fix this. Count how many people a gift helps and by how much. Multiply big but uncertain outcomes by their odds. Send money where it is still scarce. Ask what would have happened if you had stayed home. His examples range from a Red Cross doctor sorting patients during the Rwandan genocide to the Fukushima disaster, a charity that would deliver caviar to bankers, and Bolivian workers who cross borders to reach sweatshop jobs. Readers come away with a clearer way to choose charities, a fresh angle on choosing a career, and a sharper view of why ethical labels such as Fairtrade can help less than they promise. The book ends with one simple habit: a regular monthly gift, sized at ten percent of income, to charities proven to make a real difference.

Book Information

Rating:

Genre:

Philosophy

Topics:

Decision-Making, Ethics, Global Development

Publisher:

Penguin Random House

Language:

English

Narrator:

Peter

First published:

July 28, 2015

Pages:

272

Length:

13 min 59 sec

Get the book:

Amazon

Who it's for

  • Regular charity donors

    Regular donors who give generously but have never checked what their money achieved.

  • Deciding on charity careers

    Students and early-career professionals deciding whether to work for a charity or earn more and give.

  • Paying extra for Fairtrade

    Ethical shoppers who pay extra for labels like Fairtrade and want to know who benefits.

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About the Author

William MacAskill

William MacAskill is a Scottish philosopher, born in Glasgow in 1987, who has served as an associate professor of philosophy at the University of Oxford. He co-founded Giving What We Can, which asks people to pledge at least 10 percent of their income to effective charities, as well as the Centre for Effective Altruism and 80,000 Hours, which researches and advises on careers that make a difference. His books include Doing Good Better and What We Owe the Future.

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Ratings & Reviews

Ratings at a glance

4.1

Overall score based on 216 ratings.

What people think

Listeners find the work highly thought-provoking, noting that its questioning frameworks help them maximize their altruistic impact, and they value its accessibility as essential reading for effective altruists. Furthermore, the text is extensively researched and offers a data-driven method for charitable giving, helping listeners analyze philanthropic issues with precision. Listeners also highlight the book's clear prose and overall quality of writing. Nevertheless, responses to the ethical perspective are varied, with some finding it a disappointing way to approach altruism.

Top reviews

Roydao

Picked this up during a personal crisis about career choices and it really shifted my perspective. MacAskill’s quantitative approach to global impact is both refreshing and slightly terrifying for the ego. I always thought volunteering at a local soup kitchen was the absolute gold standard of doing good. This book completely dismantled that notion by showing how small donations for bed nets can be orders of magnitude more effective. Frankly, the data on Cool Earth and carbon offsets makes me feel much more empowered to handle my environmental footprint. It’s a fast read, but you’ll spend hours afterwards rethinking every single purchase you make. I highly recommend this for any young professional wanting to find more purpose.

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Ding

After hearing a lot about the Effective Altruism movement, I finally dove into the source material. MacAskill is a brilliant writer who manages to turn dry statistics into a compelling call to action. His logic regarding 'earn to give'—where you maximize your salary to donate more—is a total game changer for high earners. To be fair, some of the utilitarian arguments feel a bit cold-blooded at first glance. However, once you see the math on how many lives a single Western salary can save, it’s hard to look back. The research is meticulous and the writing quality is top-notch for this genre.

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Prae

MacAskill has a way of making complex economic frameworks feel accessible to a layman like me. This book is essentially a toolkit for anyone who wants to stop being a passive donor and start being an active investor in human progress. He focuses heavily on global poverty, which is hard to argue against as a top priority for our resources. I appreciated the specific mention of GiveDirectly and how cash transfers can empower individuals more than specific, rigid programs. The writing is clear, the chapters are concise, and the logic is nearly airtight. It’s a must-read for anyone who actually wants to make a difference.

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Moon

As someone who has always donated to local charities, this book was a massive wake-up call. I never realized that if you earn over $52,000, you are actually in the global 1%. That statistic alone changed how I view my responsibility to the rest of the world. MacAskill argues that we should focus on where we have the most 'marginal impact,' which often means looking far beyond our own backyards to find the causes that are truly neglected by the mainstream. The focus on bed nets and tropical diseases might seem repetitive, but the life-saving potential is undeniable. This is easily one of the most important books I’ve read in the last decade.

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Cholada

Finally got around to this and I wish I had read it ten years ago. This book is a masterclass in clarity and rigorous thinking regarding global philanthropy and personal career paths. The advice for students to focus on high-impact careers rather than just 'following their passion' is incredibly practical because it builds the skills that allow you to do the most good over a lifetime. MacAskill avoids the usual guilt-tripping of the West and instead provides an empowering roadmap for change. If you want your life to actually count for something, you need to read this. It’s easily a five-star recommendation from me.

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Chee

Is it possible to maximize your impact on the world without actually moving to a developing nation? This book argues that yes, our choices as donors can save lives if we apply rigorous mathematical frameworks. MacAskill presents a series of questions that help evaluate where our money goes furthest, rather than just following our gut. Personally, I found the evidence-based approach to GiveWell and deworming programs incredibly eye-opening compared to typical emotional appeals. My only gripe is that he occasionally brushes over the cultural complexities of the regions he discusses. Still, it’s a necessary read for anyone tired of ineffective charity. It changed my annual giving strategy.

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Rotjanee

The chapter on sweatshops blew my mind because it challenged everything I thought I knew about ethical consumerism. We often boycott these places out of a sense of moral superiority, but MacAskill explains how this can inadvertently harm the very workers we want to help. This kind of counter-intuitive thinking is what makes the book so valuable. He doesn’t just ask us to be nice; he asks us to be effective. The data-driven look at fair trade and disaster relief was equally surprising and well-supported. I don't agree with every single conclusion, especially regarding animal welfare, but the intellectual journey is well worth the time.

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Sing

Look, the math is occasionally dense, but the core message is vital for anyone who cares about the world. It’s refreshing to see someone apply the same rigor to charity that we apply to our business investments. Most books on philanthropy are full of fluff and anecdotes, but MacAskill sticks to what the evidence says works. My only complaint is that the lack of in-text citations makes it a bit annoying to verify facts. You have to flip to the back constantly, which disrupts the flow of his otherwise excellent prose. Despite that, it’s a high-quality piece of non-fiction for the modern age.

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Rungrat

Not what I expected, given the 'do-gooder' title. The book is far more about economics and optimization than it is about traditional notions of compassion. While I appreciate the rigorous research, the tone is often hyper-rational to the point of feeling slightly alien. It's essentially modern utilitarianism, which might be a bit dry for readers looking for emotional inspiration. I was particularly conflicted by the 'earn to give' argument suggesting doctors should stay in the West to fund others. It makes sense on paper, but it ignores the profound value of human connection in service. It's a thought-provoking framework, even if you disagree with his ethics.

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Anawin

Truth is, I found MacAskill’s dismissal of certain causes deeply problematic and even arrogant. As a professional in the social profit sector, I was frustrated by how he conflates programs with overarching causes. He treats charities like interchangeable widgets rather than complex organizations serving nuanced human needs. His 'worthy cause' framework feels like it prioritizes his own definition of suffering over the lived experiences of others. The book completely ignores the psychological reality that donors want to connect with stories, not just spreadsheets. While the data is interesting, the underlying utilitarian philosophy feels cold and potentially harmful to smaller local nonprofits. It’s well-written, but the logic is far too narrow for such a vast and human topic.

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Questions about this book

William MacAskill argues that good intentions are not enough to help others well. Donors should ask how many people a gift helps and by how much, what would have happened without them, and whether a cause already has plenty of money. Judged this way, some popular choices, such as disaster relief, Fairtrade coffee or rating charities by overhead, do far less good than options most people overlook, such as fighting malaria.

Earning to give means choosing a well-paid career and donating part of the income to effective charities. MacAskill’s example is a doctor choosing between an NGO job and oncology. Another doctor would likely fill the NGO post anyway, while the higher oncology salary could fund a great deal of good. He pairs this with personal fit: work that offers steady income, independence, variety and a sense of completion.

Overhead shows how money is divided, not what it achieves. MacAskill imagines a charity delivering caviar to hungry bankers with only 0.1 percent overhead and an unpaid CEO, which would score well on overhead rankings while doing no good. By contrast, Development Media International spends 44 percent on overhead, yet that money runs a $1.5 million health education campaign aimed at preventable child deaths.

MacAskill argues Fairtrade helps less than shoppers think. The poorest countries usually cannot meet its standards, so most Fairtrade coffee comes from places like Mexico and Costa Rica, about ten times richer than Ethiopia. World Bank consultant Peter Griffiths estimates only one percent of the extra price reaches producers. MacAskill also argues sweatshop jobs often pay better than workers’ alternatives, as Bolivians moving to Brazil show.

Pick a few charities where you can see a real, material difference, judged by results instead of overhead. Favor neglected causes, since an extra dollar does more where money is scarce: poverty causes receive about $15,000 per death versus $330,000 per death after Japan’s 2011 earthquake. Then make it a habit, with a monthly payment that adds up to ten percent of your income.

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