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14 min 58 sec
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Why I Am a Hindu

Shashi Tharoor separates Hinduism, a personal faith of many gods, texts and paths with a long record of honoring other religions, from Hindutva, the exclusionary nationalism of India's ruling BJP, and argues that proud Hindus must reject it.

Table of Content

If your picture of Hinduism comes from today’s headlines, you may think of it as a creed of borders and grievance. In Why I Am a Hindu, the Indian politician, novelist and former United Nations official Shashi Tharoor argues the reverse: a faith that lets each believer choose their own gods, texts and way of praying spent thousands of years living beside other religions without trying to defeat them. That tradition, he says, is now being hijacked by Hindutva, meaning Hinduness, the creed of the BJP, which currently governs India, and which recasts national identity around one religion and pushes non-Hindus, Muslims above all, to the edges.

Tharoor’s case is that a proud Hindu should be the first to reject Hindutva, because it betrays the faith it claims to defend. He builds it from Hinduism’s open structure and its friendships with Buddhism and Sikhism, through Hindutva’s roots and its record in power. The reward is a clear line between religious pride and religious nationalism, in India and anywhere the two get confused.

Two devout neighbors can share a religion and practice almost nothing in common. Tharoor explains how that works, and why it makes any claim to speak for all believers much harder to sustain.

A grown politician still says a prayer when his foot brushes a fallen book. The habit comes from a childhood lesson, and it points to how one old religion helped give birth to others.

The movement claims to speak for an ancient faith, yet its founding books were written in the twentieth century. Tharoor traces their arguments back to a deeply uncomfortable source.

No law ordered one of India’s most famous tourist attractions to fade. Yet its marble is yellowing and a nearby city is sinking into poverty, and Tharoor finds the explanation in a tourism brochure.

An ancient god with a half-male, half-female body. A boy killed for riding on the wrong truck. A prime minister’s claim about plastic surgery. Tharoor connects them into one troubling pattern.

Ancient Hindu thinkers guessed the Earth’s age far better than European scientists did centuries later. Tharoor uses such feats to make a demanding case about what real pride in a heritage requires.

Why I Am a Hindu defends a religion against its loudest defenders. Tharoor’s Hinduism is a roomy house: many gods, many books, a path each believer picks, and a long habit of treating the Quran, the Torah, the Buddha and Guru Nanak as welcome guests. Hindutva, in his telling, puts up walls inside that house. It draws on Savarkar, Golwalkar and their admiration for Nazism, and it ends in a yellowing Taj Mahal, a debate parliament refused to hold and killings over cattle. He sees a threat to every Indian, Hindu or not, because the same open tradition produced the free thinkers and inventors India is proudest of.

The book supports a few habits worth keeping. When anyone claims to speak for a whole faith, ask which of its many paths they mean. When pride in a heritage starts demanding that others shrink, say so out loud, as Tharoor urges Hindus to do about crimes done in their name. And when you want to honor a tradition, point to its finest work, the way he points to an Earth age reckoned centuries ahead of Europe.

A child taught that the Quran and the Torah are as holy as Hindu scripture already grasped the heart of what Tharoor wrote this book to argue.

About this book

What is this book about?

In India, secularism has long meant that the state should not tie itself to one faith and favor it over the others. Shashi Tharoor, a proud Hindu and a Congress member of parliament, believes that idea is under attack from Hindutva, or Hinduness, the ideology of the BJP, which has governed India since 2014. His answer comes from inside the faith. Tharoor describes Hinduism as a religion without a single rulebook, where each believer chooses gods, texts and ways of praying, and where the Quran, the Torah, Buddhism and Sikhism were treated with respect rather than as threats. He then traces Hindutva to Savarkar and Golwalkar, writers who admired Nazi Germany, and follows it into government: a neglected Taj Mahal, a blocked debate on gay marriage, deadly violence over cows and embarrassing claims about ancient science. Readers get a clear way to tell religious pride from religious nationalism, a short history of Hindu tolerance and its achievements, and Tharoor's call for Hindus to speak out against crimes committed in their name while keeping pride in a tradition that never needed to force itself on anyone.

Book Information

Rating:

Genre:

Politics & Current Affairs, Religion & Spirituality

Topics:

Current Affairs, Political Science, Religion

Publisher:

Aleph Book Company

Language:

English

Narrator:

Julia

First published:

January 19, 2018

Pages:

302

Length:

14 min 58 sec

Get the book:

Amazon

Who it's for

  • Curious about Hindu nationalism

    Readers who want to understand Hindu nationalism and modern Indian politics from a believer's point of view.

  • Hindus who feel misrepresented

    Hindus at home or abroad who feel their faith is being claimed by a movement they do not recognize.

  • Watching religious nationalism grow

    Anyone watching religion and nationalism merge in their own country.

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About the Author

Shashi Tharoor

Shashi Tharoor, born on 9 March 1956, has been the Lok Sabha member for Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala since 2009 and has belonged to the Indian National Congress. Before politics he was a diplomat and a United Nations Under-Secretary-General, and in 2006 he finished second in the race for UN Secretary-General. He is also a novelist, author of The Great Indian Novel and Riot, and wrote An Era of Darkness, a study of British colonial rule in India.

Ratings & Reviews

Ratings at a glance

3.4

Overall score based on 237 ratings.

What people think

Listeners find the book immensely pleasurable and appreciate the engaging survey of Hinduism it provides. The title's instructional benefit meets with varied reactions.

Top reviews

Lincoln

This book is a refreshing and deeply personal exploration of a faith that is often misunderstood in the modern era. Shashi Tharoor manages to articulate the vast, pluralistic nature of Hinduism with a grace that is rare in contemporary non-fiction. I was particularly moved by his explanation of 'Ekam Sat Vipra Bahudha Vadanti'—the idea that truth is one, though the sages call it by many names. It captures the inclusive spirit I grew up with but couldn't always put into words. While some might find his vocabulary a bit daunting, I found it added a layer of intellectual richness to the theological discussions. It is more than just a religious text; it is a call to reclaim a heritage of tolerance from those who seek to narrow it. Every chapter on the great reformers like Swami Vivekananda felt like a necessary history lesson for our times.

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Jom

Finally got around to reading this, and I must say it’s a masterclass in articulating a personal philosophy. Tharoor beautifully contrasts the inclusive, 'way of life' Hinduism with the more restrictive political versions we see today. The way he traces the growth of the religion from the all-pervading Brahman to the legends of the Ithihasas is simply masterful. I found myself reliving the stories told to me as a child, but with a new intellectual framework to support them. Truth is, we need more voices that highlight the pluralistic and open-ended nature of our heritage. It’s an eye-opener that makes you feel a suppressed pride in the intellectual depth of our ancestors. While the political sections are sharp and relentless, they serve as a necessary warning about how easily faith can be misused. This is essential reading for both Hindus and non-Hindus alike.

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Samart

Ever wonder how a religion as ancient as Hinduism remains so incredibly flexible? This book provides a fascinating overview that is both educational and deeply engaging. Tharoor does an excellent job of distilling complex concepts from the Gita and the Puranas into something digestible for a modern audience. Personally, I appreciated the sections on the 'Great Souls' of the faith; reading about Adi Shankara and Ramakrishna Paramahamsa was riveting. My only real gripe is that the author occasionally repeats himself, which makes the middle section drag a bit. It’s almost as if he’s trying too hard to reinforce his points about plurality. Despite the heavy political tilt in the latter chapters, the book remains a vital read for anyone looking to understand the core tenets of Hindu thought beyond the headlines.

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Natalie

As someone who grew up in a traditional household, I found the early chapters incredibly nostalgic and well-researched. Tharoor has a gift for taking the abstract concepts of the Upanishads and making them feel relevant to a 21st-century reader. The educational value here is quite high, even if the style is occasionally a bit wordy. I loved the exploration of how Hinduism assimilated various beliefs into its fold over millennia. However, the transition into 'Political Hinduism' was a bit of a let-down for me. It felt less like a book about religion and more like a polished campaign speech toward the end. Still, the first two sections are so well-written that they justify the purchase. It’s a bold attempt to reclaim a narrative that has been hijacked by extremists, and for that, Tharoor deserves credit.

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Tariq

After hearing so much buzz about this release, I decided to dive into Tharoor’s take on his own faith. I found it to be a compelling and timely reminder of what Hinduism actually stands for—inclusion, tolerance, and a search for individual truth. The way he distinguishes between the 'Brahman' of the Upanishads and the anthropomorphic gods of the Vedas was particularly enlightening. It’s a thick book with some very long sentences, but the intellectual payoff is worth the effort. My only criticism is the lack of a glossary for some of the more obscure philosophical terms. Occasionally, I felt like I was groping in the dark during the deeper theological passages. Overall, it’s a solid 4-star read that successfully highlights why a 'way of life' is still relevant in a world of rigid dogmas.

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Sven

Picked this up during a long flight and found myself totally engrossed in the historical anecdotes and the evolution of the Puranas. Tharoor’s intellect is on full display here, and his ability to track the possible roads Hinduism took to evolve into its current form is a pleasure to read. Not gonna lie, the political sections in the latter half were a bit jarring, but they are clearly rooted in a genuine concern for the country's future. It’s an ambitious book that tries to bridge the gap between ancient wisdom and current events. While the second part can feel like a bit of a lecture, the overall message of plurality is one that needs to be heard. It’s an enjoyable, educational, and at times provocative look at a religion that defies easy definition.

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Montri

Tharoor’s prose is, as usual, a dense forest of sophisticated vocabulary that can be both a delight and a distraction for the average reader. The first half of the book is a masterclass in theological history, tracing the evolution from the Vedas and Upanishads to the more relatable anthropomorphic deities. I learned quite a bit about the philosophical underpinnings of my own culture. However, the narrative takes a sharp, almost jarring turn in the second half. It shifts from a dispassionate chronicler of faith to a politician’s critique of his rivals. To be fair, his analysis of Hindutva is logically sound, but it felt like I was reading two completely different books stitched together. The constant focus on political entities like the RSS and BJP eventually felt like a monotonic rant that detracted from the spiritual 'Why' promised by the title.

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Pear

The chapter on Swami Vivekananda was the absolute highlight for me, hitting home with a searing effect that felt very contemporary. Shashi Tharoor is undeniably adroit at explaining complex ideas with logical reasoning, and his passion for the subject shines through in the first hundred pages. But frankly, the book suffers from a bit of an identity crisis. Is it a theological guide or a political critique? The author dons the garb of a politician too heavily in the final sections, and the objectivity of the topic suffers because of it. I was hoping for more personal anecdotes about his own practice rather than a dissection of his political rivals. It’s an interesting read for the historical context, but be prepared for a heavy dose of partisan rhetoric once you get past the midway point.

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Chamlong

Frankly, I think the author tries to do too much in one volume. The first part is a beautiful, almost poetic tribute to the diversity of Hindu thought, which I thoroughly enjoyed. It made me want to go back and read the Bhagavad Gita with fresh eyes. But then, the tone shifts into a repetitive critique of the RSS and BJP that feels like it belongs in a different book entirely. While his points about cow vigilantism and communal violence are important, they create a monotonic rant that overshadows the earlier spiritual insights. To be fair, Tharoor writes with a level of eloquence that few can match, but the 'deception' of the title remains a nagging issue. It’s an okay overview, but I wouldn't call it his best or most balanced work.

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Naomi

Not what I expected from the title at all, and I feel somewhat let down by the execution. The book starts with a promising premise of explaining why the author is a Hindu, but it quickly devolves into a political manifesto. It’s a classic case of moving north but aiming south; you expect a spiritual journey, but you get a lecture on the failures of the current government. Tharoor’s smug diction and elite articulation often feel like they are masking a lack of objective depth in the religious sections. Look, I don't mind political critique, but when it takes up nearly 30% of a book that claims to be about faith, it feels like a deception theory in practice. If you’re looking for a deep, unbiased dive into Hindu philosophy, you might find this account a bit too colored by the author’s day job as a politician.

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Questions about this book

Tharoor argues that Hinduism is a personal, plural faith in which each believer chooses gods, texts and ways of praying, and which has long respected other religions. Hindutva, the ideology of India’s ruling BJP, defines Indian identity by Hindu culture and excludes minorities, especially Muslims. Because it contradicts Hinduism’s own tolerance, he says, proud Hindus should reject it and speak out against crimes committed in their name.

Hinduism, in Tharoor’s account, is a religion without one fixed doctrine, aimed at self-realization and union with Brahman, and open to other faiths’ scriptures. Hindutva, meaning Hinduness, is a political ideology popularized by Savarkar’s 1923 book and expanded by Golwalkar in 1939. It claims India belongs to Hindus and that non-Hindus are not truly Indian, a view Tharoor sees as a betrayal of the faith.

Yes. He notes that Savarkar wrote the introduction for Savitri Devi’s book, and she was an Indian who excused the Nazis and described Hitler as an avatar of Vishnu. Golwalkar praised Nazi Germany’s murder of Europe’s Jews as race pride at its highest and suggested India could learn from it. Tharoor notes that Golwalkar’s book is still a founding text for today’s BJP.

He cites Yogi Adityanath, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, his record of anti-Muslim speech and the underfunded, polluted Taj Mahal left out of tourism brochures. He describes cow protection laws and, by his count, 136 deaths in disputes over cows, a gay marriage proposal dismissed without debate, and Narendra Modi’s 2014 claim that Ganesh proved Indians invented plastic surgery.

He asks Hindus to keep their pride but stop imposing their beliefs on others, and to speak out against violence committed in Hinduism’s name. Pride, he argues, should rest on the tradition’s best parts: its tolerance and achievements such as an early estimate of the Earth’s age near 4.3 billion years and the numerals sent to the Caliph al-Mansur’s court.

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Why I Am a Hindu

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