Emotional: How Feelings Shape Our Thinking
Leonard Mlodinow
Follows 5,000 years of science, from the first Mesopotamian writing to quantum physics. It shows that curiosity, cooperation, rational questions and patient work drove discovery, not sudden strokes of genius like Newton's apple.

52 sec
Most of us picture scientific progress as a string of lightning flashes: an apple falls, and a genius sees gravity. In The Upright Thinkers, theoretical physicist Leonard Mlodinow argues that this picture is mostly wrong, and that Newton’s real method was hundred-hour work weeks. Covering roughly 5,000 years, from early Mesopotamian writing to quantum physics, he shows science growing in countless small steps.
His throughline is that four ordinary virtues did the work: curiosity, cooperation, rational questioning and stubborn effort. On the way you meet a chemist who believed mice could be grown from dirty underwear and a physicist who gave up his honeymoon for a paper. What you take away is a clear story of how humans learned to think, plus working habits any curious mind can borrow.
1 min 32 sec
Human curiosity is ancient, yet for a very long time it moved slowly. Something changed about 11,500 years ago, and it looks a lot like what happens inside today’s most inventive companies.
1 min 35 sec
What people knew once vanished with the person who knew it. A few crude drawings of animals, and a builder’s sum about moving dirt, started to change that for good.
1 min 36 sec
An ancient Greek thinker got the cause of earthquakes completely wrong, and his question still counts as a breakthrough. Why a bad answer to the right question beat centuries of confident ones.
1 min 33 sec
Some things move too fast to measure, and some answers cannot be seen at all. Galileo found a clever way around the problem, and Newton’s famous apple turns out to hide a far less romantic truth.
1 min 36 sec
For centuries, people mixing substances dreamed of making gold and never once succeeded. What finally turned their hopeful tinkering into a real science had nothing to do with luck.
1 min 42 sec
A seventeenth-century chemist once proposed a recipe for making mice, back when spontaneous generation was a common theory. The path from that idea to Darwin ran through a microscope, a blue finch and a cheap postal service.
1 min 36 sec
Students applying to Harvard were once told nothing important was left to discover. By the dawn of the twentieth century, a skeptical German physicist and a speck of pollen had begun to show how wrong that confident claim was.
1 min 41 sec
A physicist in a cramped basement fired particles at gold foil and noticed a few being deflected. That small oddity led, step by step, to the microwave in your kitchen.
1 min 04 sec
The story ends where it began, with invisible forces. More than ten thousand years ago, people in Mesopotamia gathered around a shared belief in mysterious powers. Today, through quantum science, humans have put other invisible forces to work, and they connect us through fiber-optic cables. The distance between those two points was covered by ordinary virtues repeated over centuries: curiosity, cooperation, rational thinking and hard work.
That is why Mlodinow takes the falling apple apart. Treating discovery as a miracle lets the rest of us off the hook. If Newton needed hundred-hour weeks, and Darwin needed years of notes and a postal network of colleagues, then progress on your own hard questions will come the same way.
So the next time a problem refuses to move, ask what mechanism could be causing it, measure the part you can reach, and share what you find with people who know more than you do. Science was never a single flash of light. It was a long line of people who kept looking.
Science is so much a part of daily life that it is easy to assume it has always existed. Leonard Mlodinow, a theoretical physicist, shows that it was built slowly, over thousands of years, by people who were curious, worked together and refused to stop asking questions. His story begins with the first communities and schools, then moves through early writing and arithmetic, the Greek thinkers who looked for natural causes instead of the gods, Galileo's measurements and Newton's punishing work habits. It continues through chemistry's rise from craft and alchemy, Darwin's years of observation and the twentieth-century physicists who opened up the invisible world of atoms and quantum theory. Along the way Mlodinow takes apart the myth of the lone genius struck by inspiration. Readers get a clear, connected history of how humans learned to think scientifically. They also get a set of working habits they can borrow: share problems, write things down, ask what causes what, measure what you can and keep going when the accepted view resists you.
Curious readers who want the whole history of science told as one clear story.
Students and professionals who believe in eureka moments and want to see how discovery really works.
Anyone stuck on a hard problem looking for habits the great scientists actually used.
Leonard Mlodinow was born in Chicago and earned a PhD in theoretical physics at the University of California, Berkeley. His physics research includes the large N expansion and the quantum theory of light inside dielectrics. He has taught at Caltech and written for television, including Star Trek: The Next Generation. Five of his books for general readers have been New York Times best-sellers. Subliminal won the 2013 PEN/E. O. Wilson award for literary science writing, and he co-wrote The Grand Design with Stephen Hawking.
Leonard Mlodinow
Leonard Mlodinow
Stephen Hawking
Listeners find this an extremely enjoyable read, featuring well-crafted prose that translates difficult scientific concepts for laypeople. They admire the historical narrative and the author’s talent for humanizing historical figures, while one listener specifically mentions the deep dive into personal life stories alongside scientific breakthroughs. The book is well-regarded for its approachability, with one listener remarking on the author's use of everyday English.
This book is a masterclass in how to make the intimidating history of science feel like a series of compelling fireside stories. Mlodinow has this gift for stripping away the dry, textbook layers of discovery to reveal the messy, often eccentric humans underneath. I was particularly struck by the portrait of Isaac Newton, who apparently was quite a difficult character to be around. It’s refreshing to see these geniuses portrayed as flawed people rather than just names on a page. The narrative arc from our early ancestors to the complexities of quantum mechanics is seamless. While some might find his humor a bit much, I thought it kept the pacing lively. It’s rare to find a science book that is both intellectually stimulating and genuinely funny. Frankly, it’s the most accessible overview of human thought I’ve encountered in years.
Show moreWow. I didn't expect a book about the history of science to be such an emotional rollercoaster. The way Mlodinow weaves his father’s experiences as a Holocaust survivor into the narrative of human discovery is nothing short of beautiful. It gives a profound weight to the idea of the 'thirst for knowledge' that defines our species. The science itself is explained in everyday English, which I appreciated. I finally feel like I have a grasp on why the transition to quantum mechanics was such a shock to the system for people like Einstein. Look, some people might find the tone too casual, but for me, it made the information stick. It’s not just a book about facts; it’s a book about the spirit of inquiry. Highly recommended for anyone who feels like they missed out on the 'big picture' during school.
Show moreAfter hearing a podcast interview with Mlodinow, I had to grab this. It’s a phenomenal journey through the evolution of the human mind. He does a great job of explaining how our ancestors moved from basic survival to asking 'why' the stars move the way they do. The book is divided into three sections, and I honestly think the first part on early civilization is the strongest. It’s where his unique perspective really shines. I also loved the personal touch he adds by talking about his own education, like the story of building a radio that only worked upside down. It makes the whole subject feel less like a lecture and more like a shared experience. If you’re a geek for history and science, this is like pure dopamine. It’s fast-paced, insightful, and genuinely inspiring.
Show moreMlodinow manages to bridge the gap between prehistoric ingenuity and the weird world of subatomic particles with incredible grace. This isn't just a dry list of dates and discoveries. It’s a story about people. I loved learning about the 'total dicks' of science, like Newton and Paracelsus; it makes the history feel so much more vibrant and real. The author’s sense of humor is a major plus for me, as it breaks up the more technical explanations. Even when he gets into the murky waters of quantum mechanics, his use of everyday English keeps the reader from getting lost. It’s a big-picture book that reminds us how far we’ve come as a species. Personally, I found it to be a very stimulating and enjoyable read. Perfect for a summer vacation or a long flight.
Show moreEver wonder how we went from sharpening flint in caves to launching satellites into the cosmos? Mlodinow attempts to answer that by tracking the 'upright thinkers' who dared to ask odd questions. The first section on the development of early culture and mathematics was the highlight for me; it felt truly original. Truth is, the middle section where he covers the usual suspects like Galileo and Newton felt a bit like a repeat of every other science history book. However, he brings it back with a strong finish on quantum mechanics. To be fair, he does try a bit too hard to be witty at times—the jokes about chicken thighs in Styrofoam felt a little out of place. Despite the occasional groan-worthy pun, the book is incredibly readable. It’s a solid pick for anyone who wants to understand the 'why' behind our species' progress.
Show morePicked this up on a whim after enjoying Mlodinow's collaborations with Stephen Hawking. It was fascinating to see his solo voice shine through here. He has a very slick, light style that makes complex physics feel like casual conversation. I especially loved the anecdotes about the scientists' personal lives, like Darwin’s constant illness or Mendeleev’s stubbornness with the periodic table. It makes the science feel more 'lived in.' My only real gripe is that he glosses over some of the modern astrophysics I was hoping for. Still, the way he explains the transition from hands-on experimentation to the theoretical world of Heisenberg is brilliant. It’s a great 'entry-level' book for people who might be intimidated by hard science. You don't need a PhD to appreciate the journey he maps out.
Show moreThe chapter on quantum physics alone is worth the price of admission. Mlodinow manages to take the bizarre, counterintuitive world of Bohr and Heisenberg and make it feel almost logical. I’ve read a lot of books on this topic, but his approach is uniquely conversational. He focuses on the 'upright thinkers' as rebels who weren't afraid to look like fools. It’s a very humanizing take on a field that usually feels cold and mathematical. My only complaint is that the middle part of the book—covering the Renaissance and the Enlightenment—drags a little bit compared to the prehistoric and modern sections. It felt a bit like a 'plod' through well-trodden ground. Regardless, the writing is slick and the insights into how we shifted from observing nature to predicting it through math are top-notch. A very pleasant read.
Show moreFinally got around to reading this and I must say, it's a very easy gallop through some very dense topics. Mlodinow's style is light and engaging, which is exactly what you want when you're tackling things like the laws of motion or atomic structure. I was particularly fascinated by the section on chemistry and how it evolved from the 'magic' of alchemy into a rigorous science. Mendeleev comes across as such a badass for predicting elements that hadn't even been discovered yet. My only real issue is the lack of focus on modern astronomy and the cosmos, despite what the subtitle promises. It’s much more of a physics and biology book than a space book. But for what it is—a history of how we think—it’s excellent. It’s the kind of book that makes you feel smarter without making you work too hard for it.
Show moreAs someone who devours popular science, I found this to be a bit of a mixed bag. On one hand, Mlodinow is an excellent storyteller. The opening story about his father in the concentration camp trading bread for a math riddle is one of the most moving things I’ve read in a non-fiction book. It perfectly sets up the theme of human curiosity. On the other hand, the historical accuracy is sometimes a bit loose. He repeats the old myth about Giordano Bruno being burned specifically for his solar system theories, which most historians now dispute. Also, the humor is very hit-or-miss. Sometimes it’s charming, but other times it feels like he’s trying too hard to be the 'cool' teacher. It’s a decent overview, but I’d recommend Steven Weinberg if you want something with more intellectual meat.
Show moreNot what I expected given the glowing reviews. While I appreciate Mlodinow's attempt to make science accessible, the 'jokiness' of the writing really grated on me after the first fifty pages. There are constant attempts at wit that just feel forced and distracting. For instance, the recurring jokes about prehistoric people and modern conveniences like cellophane wrap just aren't as funny as he seems to think they are. More importantly, I found several historical oversimplifications that bothered me. Claiming Max Born introduced the term 'photon' is just factually incorrect. If you're looking for a rigorous history of science, this isn't it. It feels more like a collection of trivia and 'fun facts' held together by a thin narrative. It might work for a total beginner, but for me, it was a bit of a disappointment.
Show moreLeonard Mlodinow tells the history of science over about 5,000 years, from the first communities and Mesopotamian writing to Greek philosophy, Galileo, Newton, chemistry, Darwin and quantum physics. His main argument is that science advanced through curiosity, cooperation, rational thinking and hard work, built in countless small steps, not through sudden miracles of inspiration such as Newton’s falling apple.
Mlodinow calls the apple story a myth. By his telling, Newton’s breakthroughs were the product of many years of study and work weeks that ran to a hundred hours. One story says Newton skipped meals so often that his cat ate them and grew fat. He even stared at the sun to study how his vision of colors changed, an experiment we now know is very dangerous.
Through travel and years of careful observation. In South America, Darwin saw that when one species in a genus died out, related species replaced it, and he concluded that competition and fitting one’s habitat decided survival. He also noticed chance traits, like rare blue zebra finches, which he called random variation. He gathered data from fellow scientists through the new penny post.
It suits readers who want a single connected history of science, from ancient Mesopotamia to quantum theory. It also fits students and professionals who like the stories behind ideas, such as the chemist who believed mice could come from wheat and dirty underwear, or Niels Bohr giving up his honeymoon to dictate a paper.
The book points to habits scientists used again and again. Share problems with others, as the first communities did. Write knowledge down so it lasts. Ask what mechanism causes something instead of blaming luck, as Thales did. When you cannot measure something directly, measure a smaller version, like Galileo’s rolling ball. And keep going when experts resist, as Planck had to.
Carl Zimmer
Fay Bound Alberti
Ron Chernow
Bill Bryson
Philip Freeman
Jeff Hawkins
Michael Axworthy
AUDIO SUMMARY AVAILABLE
Get the key ideas from The Upright Thinkers by Leonard Mlodinow, plus 5,000+ more nonfiction titles.
