Opens in a new tab
15 min 18 sec
Available in:English

The Common Good

Reich explains how the shared norms of trust that hold a society together eroded in America as politics and business adopted a win-at-any-cost mindset, and what leaders and citizens can do to restore them.

Table of Content

Watching powerful people break rules and get away with it breeds cynicism, and cynicism makes cutting corners yourself feel reasonable. In The Common Good, Robert B. Reich, a policy professor who worked in the Ford and Carter administrations, argues that this is exactly how a society comes apart: one exploited norm at a time.

He gives the shared values that let strangers trust each other a name, the common good, and he believes America has been spending it down for decades. Watergate, corporate raiders and a drug repriced at $750 a pill all show one attitude, win by whatever means it takes, spreading through politics and business. The damage shows up in household wealth and in collapsing trust. Reich’s remedy rests on leaders who refuse that attitude, on honor and shame aimed at the right people, and on a shared commitment to truth and education. What follows offers a vocabulary for that decline and a few ways to stop feeding it in your own work and community.

Nurses, firefighters and judges seem to do very different jobs. Reich argues they all serve the same invisible thing, and that imagining a world without it shows how much daily life depends on it.

Two famous philosophers argued the common good is a fiction, or worse, a road to tyranny. Reich borrows one of their points and turns it into a warning about a small town where nobody locks their doors.

A pharmaceutical executive acquired the rights to a life-saving drug and then hiked its price to an unbelievable level, all without violating any law. Reich uses him to show what happens when legality becomes the only standard left.

A 1972 break-in, a broken campaign promise and a celebrated CEO’s soaring stock price look unrelated. Reich links them into one chain of precedents that changed what leaders in both parties and boardrooms thought was acceptable.

Household wealth, working hours and trust in institutions have all moved in one direction for decades. Reich argues the most dangerous number is the last one, because of what people start doing once they believe the game is fixed.

Leaders often claim they have no choice but to play dirty, because everyone else does. Reich rejects that excuse, and he argues that ordinary people decide, through praise and scorn, which kind of leader keeps rising.

A democracy can survive sharp disagreement, but Reich argues it cannot survive citizens who no longer share facts. His answer reaches past the newsroom into the classroom, and into what children are taught about how power really works.

Reich’s book works like a long reflection on the town where nobody locks up. A society runs on things nobody signs: that officials serve the public, that a company will not squeeze the sick, that facts are facts. Any of these can be exploited by one person, and each exploitation makes the next easier, until cheating looks like common sense and only 19 percent of people expect their government to do the right thing.

The mechanism also runs in reverse. Norms erode through example, and Reich believes they are rebuilt through example, by leaders who refuse to win at any cost and by citizens who decide what deserves respect.

That gives you a place to start. When someone argues that a rival’s shortcut forces you to take it too, refuse, and say why out loud. Save your admiration for the nurse, the teacher or the colleague who did the right thing at a cost, rather than for whoever simply won. Hold to the facts even when an opinion would feel better. The common good was never a single policy. It is a habit of trust, and it lasts only while enough people act as though their neighbors can still be trusted.

About this book

What is this book about?

Every society depends on rules nobody writes down: that officials serve the public, that institutions are fair, that people tell the truth. Robert B. Reich calls this shared code the common good, and he argues that America has been spending it down for decades. His explanation is a chain of precedents. Watergate set a precedent for breaking political norms: Nixon resigned, yet he escaped legal accountability. Corporate raiders in the 1980s taught executives to chase share prices whatever the damage to workers and towns. By the time Martin Shkreli raised the price of a life-saving pill from $13.50 to $750, a legal but plainly harmful move, winning by any means had become ordinary. Reich tracks the bill in falling household wealth and in trust in government that has dropped from more than 60 percent to 19 percent. The book then turns to repair. Reich makes the case for leaders who refuse the win-at-any-cost game, for honoring nurses and teachers over the merely rich and famous, and for treating truth and education as public goods. Readers get a clear vocabulary for a decline they have sensed, and practical ways to stop feeding it in their own work and community.

Book Information

Rating:

Genre:

Politics & Current Affairs

Topics:

Ethics, Inequality, Trust

Publisher:

Penguin Random House

Language:

English

Narrator:

Walter

First published:

February 20, 2018

Pages:

208

Length:

15 min 18 sec

Get the book:

Amazon

Who it's for

  • Cynical about politics

    Citizens who feel cynical about politics and business and want to understand how trust in institutions eroded.

  • Managers and team leads

    Managers and team leads who see shortcuts spreading and want language for defending shared norms.

  • Social science students

    Students of public policy, economics or civics looking for a clear argument about inequality and democracy.

Listen to Preview

About the Author

Robert B. Reich

Robert B. Reich, born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, in 1946, served in the Ford and Carter administrations and later sat on Barack Obama's economic transition advisory board. He taught at Harvard's Kennedy School, at Brandeis University and at the Goldman School of Public Policy at UC Berkeley, where he is now an emeritus professor. His books include the best sellers Saving Capitalism and The Common Good. He co-founded Inequality Media and is emeritus chair of the board at Common Cause.

Ratings & Reviews

Ratings at a glance

3.9

Overall score based on 52 ratings.

What people think

Listeners find this work an essential read that is both accessible and engagingly crafted. Furthermore, the book is extensively researched and offers a historical look at increasing disrespect, with one listener observing it serves as an excellent conscience of the country. They also value its core message, with one person noting it inspires civic engagement, and its precision, as one review highlights its thorough documentation of facts and truths.

Top reviews

Ern

Robert Reich has managed to articulate exactly what has felt 'off' about our national discourse for decades. By revisiting the moment he heard JFK’s famous 'ask not' speech, he sets a high bar for what it means to be a citizen. The book serves as an essential conscience of the country, reminding us that society is a project we build together rather than a competition for resources. I found his historical perspective on the growth of disrespect in politics deeply enlightening. It is a compellingly written call to action that doesn't just complain about the state of the world but offers a genuine path toward civic engagement. If you are looking for a moral compass in these confusing times, this is a must-read.

Show more
Ratree

Wow. I finished this feeling more hopeful than I have in years. Reich is clear-eyed about the 'rigged' nature of our current economy, but he refuses to give in to despair. He argues that even the most divisive figures in our current landscape are just symptoms of a deeper loss of common purpose. The way he ties together the history of the 1971 Powell Memo and the 2009 bailouts is masterfully done. It’s a quick read, but it packs a heavy emotional punch. He ends with a beautiful quote by Reinhold Niebuhr about being saved by hope, which really resonated with me. This is the kind of book you want to buy ten copies of and leave in little free libraries all over town.

Show more
Gift

Finally got around to reading this, and it’s easily the most relevant book for our current moment. Reich is a master at taking dense economic concepts—like the shift from stakeholder to shareholder capitalism—and making them feel personal. He explains how we’ve moved from a society of 'we're all in this together' to a 'whatever it takes to win' culture. The book is heavily researched yet incredibly easy to read in a few sittings. It provides a much-needed historical perspective on why we’ve become so polarized. Most importantly, it reminds us that the common good isn't some abstract idea; it's the air we breathe and the water we drink. It's a fundamental truth that we ignore at our own peril.

Show more
Taw

Picked this up after seeing several of the author’s videos, and the book definitely captures his signature style—it almost feels like reading the detailed notes for a world-class TED talk. Reich breaks down the 'whatever it takes to win' mentality that has infected both our political and corporate spheres. While he is tough on figures like Shkreli and various Wall Street CEOs, he is surprisingly even-handed when discussing how both parties have eroded public trust. The prose is easy to understand and flows quickly, though a few sections felt slightly repetitive as he hammered home the three main structural breakdowns. Still, the core message about restoring leadership as a form of trusteeship is incredibly timely and necessary for our survival as a democracy.

Show more
Araya

Ever wonder why our institutions feel like they are crumbling? This book provides a heavily researched look at the facts and truths behind our current social fragmentation. Reich’s analysis of the late 1970s shift—moving from mutual duty toward the Ayn Rand-style glorification of selfishness—is brilliant. I was particularly intrigued by his discussion on using 'Honor and Shame' as tools for social cohesion; it’s a concept you don’t hear much about in political science these days. The book is short and punchy, making it accessible for people who don't usually read political economy. My only gripe is that it skips over some of the nuances of the Vietnam era’s impact on trust, which I feel was the true tipping point for our current cynicism.

Show more
Petch

As a student of public policy, I found this to be an exceptionally thorough documentation of how we lost our way. Reich doesn't just blame one side; he takes a hard look at the Democratic party’s own role in weakening the separation of powers. The chapter on exploitation is especially harrowing, detailing fifty major civic violations that have eroded our confidence in the system. He presents these facts and truths with a level of clarity that is rare in modern political writing. Truth is the bedrock of his argument, and his plea for renewed civic education in schools is something I hope every legislator reads. It's a bit repetitive in its key points, but the core message is too important to ignore.

Show more
Jai

The chapter on leadership as trusteeship should be mandatory reading for every CEO and politician in the country. Reich does a fantastic job of illustrating how our norms—the unwritten rules of behavior—are actually more important than our laws. When those norms are violated by people in power, the whole structure starts to fail. I appreciated the specific examples, from Jack Welch’s tenure at GE to the Robert Bork hearings. It’s a very timely essay that looks at Adam Smith’s original designs through a modern lens. While I found his solutions for protecting the free press a bit idealistic, the overall message about restoring our shared values is incredibly compelling. It definitely inspired me to get more involved in my local community.

Show more
Takeshi

Frankly, our society has forgotten what it means to be bound together by something other than a transaction. Reich’s book is a powerful reminder that if there is no common good, there is effectively no society at all. He tracks the erosion of trust from the 1960s to the present with the precision of a surgeon. I liked that he narrated the audiobook himself, as you can hear the genuine passion and concern in his voice. The book is a bit of a rant at times, but it’s a justified one. He successfully argues that we can't just blame one person for our problems—we have to look at the structural decay of our shared ideals. It's an insightful, quick read that actually points a way forward.

Show more
Bae

While the premise of restoring the common weal is vital, I think Reich falls headfirst into a bit of a nostalgia trap here. He suggests that America was a unified paradise of civic virtue until about fifty years ago, which overlooks many of the systemic exclusions of that era. To be fair, he makes excellent points about how the shift toward shareholder value over all else has gutted the middle class. However, the book sometimes descends into a stream-of-consciousness rant about everything he finds wrong with modern life. The diagnosis is spot on, but the prescriptions for how we actually fix the system felt a bit amorphous and thin. It’s a good starting point for a conversation, but I wanted more concrete policy and less idealistic longing for the past.

Show more
Aom

To be fair, Reich is an excellent writer, but this book felt like it needed one more solid revision to truly hit the mark. He provides a long list of corporate crimes and political scandals, ranging from the Gulf of Tonkin to Wells Fargo, but it starts to feel like a scattergun approach after a while. I felt he downplayed the specific trauma of Vietnam and the systematic disinformation from the LBJ era, which did more to destroy the 'common good' than almost anything else. Instead, we get a lot of focus on Watergate, which feels like petty theft in comparison to the millions of lives lost in Southeast Asia. It’s an interesting review of citizenship, but it occasionally misses the forest for the trees by focusing on too many disparate villains.

Show more
Show all reviews

Questions about this book

Reich argues that America once rested on a shared, mostly unwritten code of values such as fairness, equal opportunity and trust in institutions. Since roughly the 1970s and 1980s, leaders in politics and business have increasingly chosen to win by any means, and each broken norm made the next easier. He says restoring the common good requires virtuous leaders, honor and shame aimed at the right people, and a commitment to truth and education.

He means the values, ideals and norms that a society holds in common: what citizens owe and expect from each other, and what binds them together. It includes freedom, fairness, equality before the law, equal opportunity, respect for others and trust in public institutions like courts and universities. Reich traces the idea to the Bible and the Enlightenment, citing James Madison’s Federalist No. 45 and the Constitution’s pledge to promote the general welfare.

Shkreli’s company, Turing Pharmaceuticals, bought the rights to Daraprim, the only drug for toxoplasmosis, and raised the price from $13.50 to $750 a pill, an increase of more than 5,000 percent. It was entirely legal. Reich uses the case to show that legality is not the same as decency, and that ignoring the effect of your choices on others is the heart of the common good’s decline.

He says laws alone cannot do it, because passing them requires a consensus that no longer exists. Instead he calls for virtuous leaders in government, business, unions, universities and charities who respect opponents and take responsibility for how they treat people. He also wants honor given to those who serve, such as nurses and teachers, shame for those who abuse public trust, and education treated as a public good.

Reich’s ideas suggest a few habits. When a choice at work is defended only because it is legal, ask who bears its cost. Refuse the argument that a competitor’s shortcut forces you to copy it. Give your praise to people who act well at a cost rather than to whoever wins. And check where a claim comes from before sharing it, since Reich sees a shared commitment to truth as essential to democracy.

AUDIO SUMMARY AVAILABLE

Listen to The Common Good in 15 minutes

Get the key ideas from The Common Good by Robert B. Reich, plus 5,000+ more nonfiction titles.

  • 5,000+ titles
  • Listen as much as you want
  • 7-day free trial
  • Cancel anytime

The Common Good

Preview · Full summary 15 min 18 sec
Home

Discover

Open app

Log in