Says Who?: A Kinder, Funner Usage Guide for Everyone Who Cares About Words
A linguist's tour of English usage that shows where rules about whom, the Oxford comma and opening with And really came from, and how to choose words by context instead of by reflex.

Table of Content
1. Introduction
1 min 08 sec
If a stray whom or a sentence that opens with And makes you wince, you are hearing what Anne Curzan calls your inner grammando, the fussy voice that corrects everyone else. In Says Who?, Curzan, a University of Michigan English professor who has served on a dictionary usage panel, shows that many rules feeding that voice are younger and shakier than they look. The verb impact, which some editors still forbid, is actually older than the noun.
Her argument is that usage rules are decisions made by people at particular moments, shaped by history and by power. Learn where a rule came from, she says, and you can choose by reader and setting. Most of us also carry an inner wordie, someone delighted by how language shifts, and this book feeds that second voice. It covers when whom is worth the trouble, when a comma earns its place, how to repair choppy paragraphs and why arguments over polite words are arguments about who decides.
2. Read every usage ruling as a vote
1 min 53 sec
A newspaper editor once insisted that only teeth can be impacted, and a famous dictionary panel mostly agreed. The word’s real history, and how those votes later shifted, changes what a rule is worth.
3. Stop wincing at words that are still changing
1 min 42 sec
Funner sounds wrong to most ears, and more unique seems to break logic itself. Curzan traces both reactions to a word’s age and meaning, and her explanation predicts which forms will soon sound normal.
4. Write emails that sound neither fussy nor careless
1 min 42 sec
An English professor faces a small dilemma every time she writes an email, and either choice can cost her. The way out says a lot about how English sentences are built.
5. Open sentences with And, But or So
1 min 37 sec
Schools taught it as law and word processors still flag it as an error. A grammarian writing a century ago had a sharp name for this rule, and real writing ignores it everywhere.
6. Use commas only where they help your reader
1 min 53 sec
Word lovers fight online about one small comma, and copy editors say consistency matters most. A trip through medieval manuscripts and the printing press suggests a more relaxed and more useful test.
7. Make choppy writing flow with one contract
1 min 45 sec
Editors praise writing that flows and criticize writing that feels choppy, yet rarely say what separates them. Two versions of the same passage about note-taking show exactly where readers get lost.
8. See the power behind every word choice
1 min 47 sec
Critics mock phrases like vertically challenged to dismiss inclusive language altogether. Curzan looks at the stigma around one common contraction and at a label most of its intended users reject.
9. Conclusion
1 min 11 sec
What Curzan offers is a change of stance. The grammando treats every rule as permanent and every departure as a mistake. The wordie notices that impact was a verb before it was a noun, that nice once meant silly, that whom has puzzled writers since at least the fifteenth century, and that punctuation began mainly as a guide for reading aloud. Rules turn out to be panel votes, classroom tactics and printers’ habits, and some of them carry judgments about whose speech counts.
None of this means anything goes. Curzan keeps formal writing formal: leave the figurative impact and quite unique out of it, and keep a clear thread from sentence to sentence. What changes is the reason behind each choice. You decide because of the reader and the setting, and you stop correcting people for sport.
Your next email is a good place to begin. Write who where whom would sound stiff, open with But when the argument turns, and make each sentence start from something your reader already knows. And when someone tells you a usage is simply wrong, ask the question on the cover: says who?
About this book
What is this book about?
Many careful writers live with a small inner critic that flinches at a sentence starting with And, at whom used wrongly or at a word like funner. Anne Curzan, an English professor and longtime commentator on language, asks a simple question about each of those rules: says who? Her answers come from history. The verb impact turns out to be older than the noun. Fun only became an adjective in the mid-twentieth century. Writers have been confused about who and whom since at least the fifteenth century, and many comma rules date from eighteenth-century grammarians. Usage panels vote, and their votes shift over time. Curzan does not argue that anything goes. She shows when formal writing still calls for caution, how a principle called the known-new contract makes paragraphs flow, and why debates over inclusive language are really debates about power. Readers get the background to make their own calls in emails, reports and conversations, and a calmer, more curious way of hearing other people's English.
Book Information
Who it's for
Professionals who second-guess emails
Professionals who second-guess every email over whom, commas or opening with And.
Writers, students and editors
Writers, students and editors who want to know which rules still matter in formal work.
Curious why language changes
Word lovers who catch themselves correcting others and would rather understand why language changes.
About the Author
Anne Curzan
Anne Curzan is an American scholar of English language and literature and a professor at the University of Michigan, where she holds the Geneva Smitherman Collegiate Professorship and is an Arthur F. Thurnau Professor. She served as a dean there from 2019 to 2024. She has written about language for the blog Lingua Franca and the column Talking About Words, shared word trivia on Michigan Radio's That's What They Say, and has served on the American Heritage Dictionary Usage Panel, which judges how acceptable usages are.
Ratings & Reviews
Ratings at a glance
What people think
Listeners find the content amusing and intellectually stimulating, with one review characterizing it as an accessible masterclass on language. Additionally, the book earns praise for its scholarship, as one listener points out its spirited discussion of current and historical usage. Listeners also value the tips on grammar, where one review mentions how the author discusses specific issues with words in neat little chapters. On the other hand, the book’s overall readability and approach to language have drawn mixed reactions from listeners.
Top reviews
Curzan has a way of making linguistic history feel like a chat over coffee. I’ve always considered myself a bit of a grammar stickler, but this book gave me permission to finally relax my grip on the red pen. The concept of the 'Grammando' versus the 'Wordie' is a stroke of genius that perfectly captures our internal struggle with language change. It’s a spirited defense of why we shouldn’t panic when a new usage pops up in a text or email. The chapters are organized neatly, making it easy to dip in and out during my morning commute. Frankly, it’s a relief to know that even Ben Franklin was a bit of a language rebel. If you’ve ever felt a pang of annoyance at 'singular they,' this masterclass will help you see the beauty in how we speak now. It’s scholarly yet surprisingly funny and accessible to any reader.
Show moreThis book is an absolute delight for anyone who finds themselves getting heated over 'literally' or 'who vs. whom.' Curzan manages to balance rigorous scholarship with a warm, life-and-let-live attitude that is incredibly refreshing. I loved the deep dives into Shakespeare's 'hot mess' of pronouns—it really puts our modern complaints into perspective. The way she describes punctuation as a supporting character rather than the star of the show changed how I view my own editing process. It’s more than just a usage guide; it’s an invitation to be curious instead of judgmental. I found the chapter on collective nouns particularly helpful for my day-to-day writing at work. Look, if you want to understand the 'why' behind the 'what' of English, this is the book for you. It’s accessible, witty, and deeply human in its approach to communication.
Show moreAfter hearing Curzan on the radio, I knew I had to check out her written work. She has this incredible ability to make grammar feel like an adventure rather than a chore. The distinction between 'good advice' for clarity and 'rules' that have no basis in reality is something every student should be taught. I especially enjoyed the section on the em dash—it's the utility player of punctuation that I use way too often! The book is thought-provoking and encourages a level of empathy that you don't usually find in a grammar guide. It’s a masterclass in how to observe language change without losing your mind. The historical anecdotes about Mark Twain and Benjamin Franklin add a wonderful layer of depth to the discussion. Truly a must-read for any self-proclaimed wordie.
Show moreWow. I never thought I would describe a book about usage as a page-turner, but here we are. Anne Curzan’s exploration of how we judge one another’s speech is both enlightening and incredibly timely. She tackles the 'singular they' and 'who/whom' debates with a level of grace and humor that is rarely seen in linguistic circles. The 'bird-watcher' analogy is one I’ll be using for years to come. It’s an accessible masterclass that manages to be deeply researched without ever feeling inaccessible to the average reader. I loved learning about the prosodic factors behind split infinitives—it makes so much sense now! This book has genuinely changed how I listen to the people around me. It’s a brilliant reminder that language is a tool for connection, not a weapon for correction. Five stars all the way.
Show moreEver wonder why some grammar rules feel like they were invented just to make us feel stupid? Anne Curzan peels back the curtain on the arbitrary nature of 'correctness' in a way that is both academic and accessible. I particularly loved the section on the Oxford comma, which managed to be both informative and genuinely entertaining. While the scholarship is undeniable, there are moments where the prose feels a bit dense for a casual reader. Not gonna lie, I had to reread a few paragraphs about subject and object pronouns to really grasp the historical shift. However, the overall message of being more 'chill' about language is something every writer needs to hear. It’s a thought-provoking look at the tools we use to communicate every single day. Definitely worth a spot on your shelf if you're a word nerd.
Show moreFinally got around to reading this after hearing so much buzz in my writing group. As a translator, I spend my life obsessing over nuances, so the idea of being a 'skilled bird-watcher' of language really resonated with me. Curzan provides a much-needed masterclass on why we shouldn't let our inner Grammando bully everyone around us. The discussion on 'singular they' was particularly well-handled and provided historical receipts that are hard to argue with. Sometimes the humor felt a little forced, but the insights into how usage varies across communities were eye-opening. It’s a great reminder that language is a living, breathing thing rather than a static set of laws. I’ll definitely be keeping this nearby for those moments when I’m tempted to leave a snarky comment on a split infinitive. It’s a spirited and necessary contribution to the field that most writers will appreciate.
Show morePicked this up on a whim and found myself surprisingly sucked into the history of the word 'hopefully.' Anne Curzan has a gift for taking specific, often annoying language issues and turning them into fascinating stories about human nature. The scholarship is evident on every page, but she keeps things grounded with relatable examples from modern life. I appreciated the nuance she brings to the 'unattended this' debate, showing that clarity matters more than rigid adherence to old-school rules. Some of the later chapters felt a bit like they were retreading the same ground, but the information was still valuable. It’s the kind of book that makes you want to stop people on the street to tell them about the origin of the capital 'I.' A solid four stars for anyone who wants to feel more empowered by their language choices.
Show moreAs someone who struggles with my inner grammarian, this was a very cathartic read. Curzan doesn't just tell you to stop being a 'Grammando'; she explains the historical context that makes being a 'Wordie' so much more rewarding. The chapters are short and focused, which makes the academic bent much more digestible for a busy professional. I found her take on 'try and' versus 'try to' to be particularly enlightening and it has already changed how I proofread my emails. There were a couple of sections that felt a bit redundant, but the overall quality of the grammar guidance is excellent. It’s a spirited defense of English in all its messy, evolving glory. I’d recommend it to anyone who wants to sharpen their writing without becoming a total snob about it. A really solid look at how usage shifts.
Show moreTo be fair, the research in this book is top-notch and Curzan clearly knows her stuff. I picked this up hoping for a lighthearted romp through English quirks, but it leaned much more toward an academic textbook than I anticipated. The chapter-by-chapter structure provides good grammar guidance, but it starts to feel repetitive after the first few examples. Each section follows a similar roadmap: state the rule, explain the history, and then tell us to be more inclusive. While I appreciate the 'wordie' perspective, the delivery felt a bit numbing by the halfway point. It’s a solid resource for reference, but perhaps not the best choice for a straight-through cover-to-cover read. I found myself skimming the later parts about semicolons because the tone just wasn't engaging enough for me. It is informative, just a bit dry for my taste.
Show moreNot what I expected when I bought this based on the 'humorous' marketing blurbs. While I respect the author's credentials, the writing style felt incredibly pedantic and weighed down by academic jargon. I was looking for pithy insights into language, but instead, I got long-winded explanations that seemed to circle the same point repeatedly. The constant push to 'relax' about grammar felt less like helpful advice and more like a lecture on why my standards are wrong. To be honest, the structure of the book is quite monotonous, making it a struggle to stay engaged for more than ten pages at a time. I didn't find the 'Grammando' jokes particularly funny after the third or fourth mention. It might work for a linguistics student, but for a general reader, it's a bit of a slog. It just wasn't my cup of tea.
Show moreQuestions about this book
What is the main idea of Says Who? by Anne Curzan?
Curzan argues that many English usage rules are not fixed truths. They are decisions made by editors, teachers and usage panels at particular times, shaped by their tastes and by power. Words like impact and funner have met resistance despite natural change. She urges readers to learn a rule’s history and then choose flexibly, based on context, instead of correcting others by reflex.
Is it wrong to use impact as a verb?
Not according to the history Curzan presents. Impact was a verb in the early 1600s, before the noun appeared in the late 1700s. The objection is to its figurative sense of having an effect. The American Heritage Dictionary’s usage panel rejected it back in 2001, with 81 percent opposed, but by 2015 the share of objectors had dropped to 50 percent. Her advice is to avoid it in formal writing and use it freely elsewhere.
Should I use who or whom in emails?
Curzan suggests who in most emails. Whom is traditionally the object form, but it sounds formal, and because question words come first in English, whom sits where a subject usually goes, which confuses readers. Writers have mixed the two up since at least the fifteenth century, and more people now use who everywhere. Save whom for very formal documents.
How can I make my writing flow better?
Curzan recommends the known-new contract: start each sentence with something the reader already knows, then move to new information. In her example from an Atlantic article, a choppy version jumps between note-taking, attention spans and schools, while the original keeps returning to typed notes. To check your own draft, read only the opening words of each sentence and make sure each links back to what came before.
Can you start a sentence with And or But?
Yes, says Curzan. The ban likely came from teachers who wanted children to write more formally than they spoke. In the 1920s H. W. Fowler already called it a superstition. Sentences beginning with And or But appear in academic writing, literature and the Bible, and varied openings can make writing livelier. Starting with so also has a real job in speech, signaling eagerness to share.
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