Opens in a new tab
12 min 49 sec
Available in:English

Jobs to Be Done: A Roadmap for Customer-Centered Innovation

Shows how to find new product ideas by studying the tasks customers are trying to get done, including the feelings, frustrations and hidden people around them, and then design, price and test offers around those tasks.

Table of Content

If your team keeps shipping features that customers shrug at, the trouble may start with the question you ask. In Jobs to Be Done, innovation consultant Stephen Wunker and his co-authors Jessica Wattman and David Farber argue that people buy products to get a task in their lives done, and that the task itself is where new ideas hide. Their method builds on a framework developed by Harvard Business School professor Clayton Christensen, who tied it to his work on disruptive innovation.

The throughline runs through every step: understand the job a customer is trying to do, with the feelings, circumstances, people and frustrations around it, and you can design, price and test products people actually want.

The evidence is a string of company stories: headphones sold on style, a gym that serves pizza, a candy maker that found out who really eats its candy, and a messaging app that thrived by leaving email alone. Each one turns into a step you can try on your own product or service.

A pair of headphones that lost on sound quality still found eager buyers. The reason reveals what customers are really paying for, and why one more feature so rarely changes anything.

Most customer profiles describe people in detail and still fail to predict what they will buy next. A gym chain that hands out pizza shows which missing ingredient makes a segment useful.

The person who pays is often not the only one who decides, and the most annoying part of a task is rarely the one companies fix. A simple map from the customer’s side exposes both.

Companies have spent years chasing the tool that would finally kill email. One messaging app did far better by asking a smaller question, and four quiet obstacles explain why so many good ideas still stall.

A struggling candy maker recovered after one discovery about its buyers, and a ride app gets people to pay more on rainy nights. Both point to a better way to set prices, and to a common trap.

Many brainstorming meetings fill the whiteboard and change nothing. The authors trace the problem to who leads the room and how loosely it is run, and their fix sounds like the opposite of creative freedom.

What the authors offer adds up to a discipline more than a trick. Innovation stops being a lucky guess at the whiteboard and becomes a habit of following one customer through one job: what they are trying to get done, what drives it, who else has a say, where it hurts and what they would pay to make it easier. The drill, the headphones and the gym perks are simply what that habit looks like when it works.

You can start small. Take one product and write its job from the customer’s side, including how they want to feel. Map that job from the first thought to the finish, and mark the moments of frustration and the people standing just outside the sale. Before you build or reprice anything, check how much learning, habit change, cost and risk you are asking customers to absorb, and let them weigh the trade-offs in a survey or a prototype.

Hershey’s comeback began with a plain discovery about who was really eating its candy. Most growth starts in the same place, with the person and the job, long before anyone draws the product.

About this book

What is this book about?

Most companies want to innovate, but many end up adding small features to products that customers barely notice. Stephen Wunker, Jessica Wattman and David Farber offer a different starting point, built on the Jobs to Be Done framework developed by Harvard Business School professor Clayton Christensen. The idea is to look past the product to the job a customer is trying to get done, and past the practical side of that job to its emotional side. The authors show how to uncover job drivers, map the whole job from the customer's point of view, find overlooked stakeholders and pain points, weigh trade-offs, define success in the customer's terms and spot the obstacles that stop people from buying. Their examples range from Beats headphones and Planet Fitness to Slack, Hershey and Uber. Readers get a practical route from customer research to products, value-based prices and brainstorming sessions that produce bolder ideas, along with ways to test those ideas with real customers before committing to them.

Book Information

Rating:

Genre:

Entrepreneurship & Startups, Marketing & Sales

Topics:

Innovation, Marketing Psychology, Product Strategy, Product-Market Fit

Publisher:

HarperCollins

Language:

English

Narrator:

Laura

First published:

January 11, 2023

Pages:

224

Length:

12 min 49 sec

Get the book:

Amazon

Who it's for

  • Tired of ignored features

    Product managers and founders tired of shipping features that customers ignore.

  • Curious why customers buy

    Marketers and strategists who want segments that explain why people buy, not just who they are.

  • Team leads running brainstorms

    Team leads who run brainstorming sessions and want ideas bolder than the safe ones.

Listen to Preview

About the Author

Stephen Wunker

Stephen Wunker is an innovation consultant who runs New Markets Advisors, with clients including Microsoft, Meta, Nike and the World Bank. He worked for many years alongside Clayton Christensen, led the development of an early smartphone and started pioneering mobile marketing and commerce businesses. Jessica Wattman holds a doctorate in political science from MIT and applies it to problems from disaster relief to technology in governance. David Farber has worked with more than 75 companies across five continents, helping them spot and seize new growth.

Ratings & Reviews

Ratings at a glance

4.1

Overall score based on 51 ratings.

What people think

Listeners consider the content to offer highly beneficial advice and describe it as an excellent, fast-paced listen. They value the organized approach, with one listener highlighting the 12-part structure, and find the material to be practical. Opinions on ease of use are varied, as one listener suggests the text overcomplicates the process of writing job stories.

Top reviews

Chanon

Finally got around to reading this, and the 'Jobs Atlas' concept is a complete game-changer for my team's innovation process. Unlike many dry business texts, the authors break the methodology into 12 logical parts that actually feel actionable for real-world scenarios. I specifically loved the section on success criteria because it forces you to define a 'win' through the customer's eyes rather than just looking at internal metrics. Some of the examples like Uber might feel a bit dated now, but the core logic of focusing on the 'why' behind behavior remains incredibly sound. It is a terrific quick read for anyone tired of brainstorming sessions that lead nowhere.

Show more
Kaen

Ever wonder why some products fail even when they seem to have every feature customers asked for? This book explains that disconnect perfectly by showing that customers buy satisfaction, not just a physical item or service. The authors provide a brilliant blueprint for identifying those hidden needs that traditional market research often misses entirely. I found the sections on reducing effort and eliminating complexity to be especially relevant to my current projects. It is a succinct, powerful read that manages to be both theoretical and highly practical at the same time. If you are starting a new company or launching a new product line, this is absolutely essential reading.

Show more
Gun

As someone working in customer insights, I found this to be a very solid roadmap for navigating the 'Jobs to Be Done' landscape. The book is remarkably well-structured into two main parts, moving from theory to execution with a clarity that many business books lack. I appreciated the specific breakdown of 'job drivers' and how they influence why different customers have different needs even when using the same product. My only real gripe is that some of the case studies feel rooted in a slightly older corporate world, lacking a bit of modern flavor. Still, the methodology for assessing the viability of new ideas through switching costs and scalability is incredibly useful for any strategist.

Show more
Tum

After hearing colleagues swear by this approach for months, I decided to dive in and see if the hype was real. I was pleasantly surprised by how much it relates 'jobs' to user stories, providing a structured way to prioritize product improvements without getting lost in feature-creep. The distinction between functional and emotional jobs is handled better here than in most other books I have read on the topic. However, the section on writing job stories felt a bit overcomplicated, making a simple task feel like a chore. Regardless, the actionable advice on experimenting and iterating makes it a worthwhile addition to any product manager’s shelf.

Show more
Takeshi

Picked this up because I wanted a practical guide to customer-centric ideation, and that is exactly what Wunker and his co-authors delivered. The 12-part structure makes it very easy to skip around to the sections you actually need, whether that's planning your approach or assessing competition. I particularly enjoyed the example about the racquet club where members joined for social connection rather than just sports. It is those kinds of 'outside the box' insights that make the 'Jobs' methodology so appealing for growth-minded companies. It is not perfect, and the disjointed style can be a bit jarring, but the roadmap for future change is undeniable.

Show more
Satit

While I appreciate the depth of the 'Jobs Atlas,' I have to admit this book was not exactly what I expected at first. I initially thought it would be more about personal productivity, but it is actually a deep dive into business processes and how to solve customer pain points. Once I got past that initial confusion, I found the strategies for creating success—like balancing emotional and functional jobs—to be quite profound. The diagrams are helpful for visual learners, and the advice on avoiding 'one-size-fits-none' products is something every developer should take to heart. It is a solid read that will definitely change how you view your competition.

Show more
Varinee

The chapter on diverse perspectives was a major letdown for me, especially considering the book claims to offer a holistic approach to innovation. While the core framework is undeniably powerful, the authors somehow managed to discuss diversity without addressing racial or gender nuances in any meaningful way. Furthermore, the examples occasionally lean on old-fashioned stereotypes that felt out of place in a modern business text. It is a bit of a mixed bag because the 'Jobs Atlas' is a fantastic tool, but the tone can feel disjointed at times. You will definitely find value here, but be prepared to filter out some of the more 'corporate-speak' sections that do not add much substance.

Show more
Pisit

This book covers the innovation process from end-to-end, but it occasionally feels a bit lightweight when it comes to the actual theory. I found the examples to be a bit hit-or-miss—some were enlightening, while others felt like common knowledge that did not need ten pages of explanation. The language can be confusing too, as they use 'jobs' to refer to both customer tasks and organizational roles interchangeably. It is a decent introductory text for a corporate team, but it lacks the depth of more academic takes on the subject. Frankly, it is a good 'get your feet wet' book, but do not expect it to be the final word on the topic.

Show more
Felix

To be fair, I went into this with high expectations after reading Christensen, but this felt like a bloated consultant's slide deck. The authors take a relatively simple concept—that people 'hire' products—and bury it under a pseudo-process that feels unnecessarily complex for the sake of looking professional. I found the way they tried to systematize 'job stories' actually made the whole thing harder to use in practice than the original theory suggests. It is frustratingly simplistic in its logic yet over-engineered in its delivery. If you have been in product development for more than five years, most of this will feel like intuitive knowledge dressed up in fancy jargon.

Show more
Yuki

Look, the framework is famous for a reason, but this specific iteration of it feels like it is trying to reinvent the wheel. I was hoping for something that would push me to think differently, yet it mostly just confirmed what I already knew from intuition. The writing style is a bit dry and it really struggled to hold my attention throughout the middle chapters. It feels like the kind of book a consultant hands you so they can justify a high fee for explaining 'pain points' that are already obvious. If you are brand new to business, maybe start here, but otherwise, you are better off sticking to the original literature on the subject.

Show more
Show all reviews

Questions about this book

The authors argue that customers buy products to get a job done in their lives, and that innovation should start from that job, not from the product. Focusing on the job, including its emotional side, its drivers, the other people involved and its pain points, reveals opportunities that adding features never will. The framework was developed by Clayton Christensen, and the book turns it into a practical roadmap.

Job drivers are the hidden parts of a customer’s context that make a job more or less important to them. The authors name three kinds: attitudes, background and circumstances. Planet Fitness used them to find people who wanted an unintimidating, affordable gym, and answered with low flexible fees and perks like Pizza Mondays. Drivers explain why people choose, which makes them more useful than typical segments.

The authors favor value-based pricing, where the price reflects the value a customer gets, over cost-plus pricing. Uber charges more for a fancy car or during surges such as bad weather, and riders accept it because the service is presented as on demand and tailored to them. The authors also warn against charging a premium for a gap that no real customer job sits behind.

Describe the job your product does from the customer’s side, including how they want to feel. Draw a process map from their first thought to the finished job to find pain points and overlooked stakeholders. Use surveys to confirm pain points and let customers rank trade-offs. Check how much learning, habit change, cost and risk you ask of them, then test ideas with prototypes and customer feedback.

AUDIO SUMMARY AVAILABLE

Listen to Jobs to Be Done in 15 minutes

Get the key ideas from Jobs to Be Done by Stephen Wunker, plus 5,000+ more nonfiction titles.

  • 5,000+ titles
  • Listen as much as you want
  • 7-day free trial
  • Cancel anytime

Jobs to Be Done

Preview · Full summary 12 min 49 sec
Home

Discover

Open app

Log in