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15 min 32 sec
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Leading Successful Change: 8 Keys to Making Change Work

Shows leaders why change programs fade after the launch and how to make them stick: describe the new behavior in vivid scenes of future work, then realign the daily environment so every cue points the same way.

Table of Content

Most change programs do not fail in the boardroom. They fail the next morning, when people arrive at work and find the same meetings, the same scorecards and the same bonuses pointing them back to the old way. In Leading Successful Change, Wharton executive educators Gregory P. Shea and Cassie A. Solomon argue that change exists only when behavior changes, and that behavior follows the setting people work in far more than the speeches they hear.

Their method has two halves. First, write concrete scenes of a better workday, so everyone can see who does what differently. Then rebuild the environment through eight levers, from structure and office space to rewards and decision rights, until every cue agrees. Along the way there is a chemical company that lost three years to a sensible plan and a media company that turned itself around. By the end, you have a test to run on any initiative before launch, and a way to repair one that is already drifting.

A specialty chemical company had a promising plan to tame its global supply chain, with consultants managing the pipeline. Three years later the program was dead. The cause had nothing to do with the strategy itself.

A rousing kickoff speech can win a room for a week. Then people look around, notice what has and has not moved, and quietly decide how to behave. Willpower turns out to be a poor bet.

Strategy decks describe destinations, yet almost nobody can say what their Tuesday will look like once the change succeeds. A furniture executive’s story about a family’s morning points to a better way to plan.

Org charts, coffee machines and checklists look like background details. In this framework they are among the loudest messages a company sends, and they explain why swapping out struggling staff so often changes nothing.

A bonus that celebrates lone heroes can sit alongside a culture that hands status to teams. When that happens, the two messages collide, and the desired behavior stalls.

Most heart patients do not change their lives even after surgery, yet one program kept nearly nine in ten on track. The difference has a direct lesson for any leader deciding whether to launch.

Shea and Solomon turn a familiar frustration into a design problem. When change fades, it is rarely because people missed the message. It is because, the next morning, their structure, tools, routines, pay, scorecards, data and decision rights still described the old job. Halloran’s plan was reasonable and still collapsed, because plants paid for savings they never saw. Viacom’s turnaround held because almost everything people touched at work began saying the same thing.

The practice the book supports is concrete. Before your next initiative, draft a single scene of an improved workday, told through the eyes of an actual person, in the present tense, including the dashboard or agenda they would rely on. Then walk around the eight levers and mark the ones you can genuinely move. If you cannot reach four, hold the launch and build the coalition you are missing. And when something stalls, look for the clash, such as a reward that contradicts a measure or a meeting that leaves out the person who should decide, before you blame the people.

Behavior follows the setting. Change enough of the setting, and the new way of working becomes the easiest thing to do.

About this book

What is this book about?

Most organizations do not lack ideas for change. They lack follow-through. A launch creates excitement, a pilot or two succeeds, and then people drift back to old habits because nothing in their working day has really changed. Gregory P. Shea and Cassie A. Solomon argue that change is real only when behavior changes, and that behavior follows the setting people work in far more than the messages they hear. Their method has two parts. First, leaders write scenes: short, present-tense accounts of a future workday that show who does what, with which tools and information. Second, they redesign the environment through eight levers: organization, workplace design, task, people, rewards, measurement, information distribution and decision allocation. The Work Systems Model places the desired behavior at the center and checks the levers for clashes. Readers get a practical test to run before any launch, the rule that at least four levers must move, along with cases from a chemical company whose sensible plan collapsed and a media company whose turnaround held.

Book Information

Rating:

Genre:

Management & Leadership

Topics:

Change Management, Incentives, Organizational Behavior

Publisher:

Wharton School Press

Language:

English

Narrator:

Ben

First published:

February 11, 2020

Pages:

108

Length:

15 min 32 sec

Get the book:

Amazon

Who it's for

  • Managers whose changes fade

    Team leads and managers whose change initiatives start strong and then drift back to old habits.

  • Leaders planning multisite change

    Founders and operations leaders planning a restructure, new process or system rollout across sites.

  • HR and learning teams

    HR and learning professionals asked to make a culture or skills program actually change daily work.

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About the Author

Gregory P. Shea

Gregory P. Shea, Ph.D., is president of Shea and Associates, a senior fellow at the Wharton School's Center for Leadership and Change and a co-author of seven books, who advises leaders through scaling, crises, leadership transitions and AI adoption. Cassie A. Solomon founded The New Group Consulting in 2007 to help leaders design and carry out change, is internationally known for her work with the RACI tool, holds a Wharton MBA and teaches executive education at Wharton.

Ratings & Reviews

Ratings at a glance

4.1

Overall score based on 150 ratings.

What people think

Listeners find the book's perspectives to be highly useful, as one listener notes that it provides well-researched explanations and answers critical strategic questions. This work receives praise for its efficacy, with one listener highlighting how it breaks down change strategies well.

Top reviews

Pang

Finally got around to finishing this, and I have to say, it’s one of the most effective books on strategy I’ve encountered recently. Most change management books are 300 pages of fluff, but this one gets straight to the point with well-researched explanations. It answers the critical question of why change fails: we don't support the new behaviors with the right infrastructure. The focus on measurement and rewards as levers is spot on. If you want people to act differently, you have to change how you measure their success and how they are compensated. I love how it breaks down complex organizational theories into a checklist that any leader can follow. It’s brilliant, efficient, and provides a clear path forward for anyone feeling stuck in a stagnant culture.

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Supachai

Wow, this really changed the way I look at my role as a leader during times of transition! Instead of just giving speeches about our vision, I’m now looking at our Decision Allocation and Task levers to see where we are tripping ourselves up. The book is sharp and concise, which is exactly what a busy executive needs. It provides answers to the most difficult strategic questions without burying them under 500 pages of academic jargon. I especially appreciated the insight that change is about behavior, not just results. If you focus on the actions people take every day and design the environment to foster those actions, the results will follow naturally. It’s an excellent, well-researched manual that I’ll be keeping on my desk for reference.

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Patchara

Ever wonder why your team goes right back to their old habits two weeks after a big kickoff meeting? This book argues that we spend too much time on vision and not enough on the nuts and bolts of the work environment. Personally, I found the breakdown of the 8 Levers of Change to be the most valuable part of the text. It moves beyond vague leadership advice into specific areas like workplace design and reward systems. Truth is, most managers ignore how physical or virtual space affects productivity, but Shea makes a compelling case for it. My only gripe is that it feels very geared toward massive organizations with deep pockets. It’s well-researched and answers some critical strategic questions about sustainability, but applying it to a lean startup might require some mental gymnastics.

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Priya

The Disney case study included in these pages really brought the whole environment versus behavior concept to life for me. It’s one thing to read about theoretical frameworks, but seeing how a major corporation applies these levers makes the strategy feel much more attainable. Shea and Solomon do a great job of explaining that successful change requires a two-pronged attack: you have to change the individual behavior and the surrounding system simultaneously. I particularly appreciated the section on Decision Allocation and who actually gets to participate in the process. Not gonna lie, I’ve been guilty of hoarding decision power, which this book correctly identifies as a bottleneck for growth. It’s a sharp, concise guide that offers a practical roadmap for anyone leading a team through a transition.

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Sofia

Look, change isn't an option in today's market, and Shea makes it clear that it isn't impossible if you have the right tools. This book provides a solid systems approach that looks at the organization as a whole rather than just focusing on inspiring people. In my experience, inspiration fades, but a well-designed task process or a new workplace layout keeps people moving in the right direction. I liked the emphasis on the Workplace Design lever, especially in our new world of hybrid work. The writing is very concise—some might call it short—but I appreciate not having my time wasted with endless anecdotes. It’s a professional, insightful guide that serves as a great investment for any consultant or manager dealing with radical shifts.

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Carter

Picked this up because the failure rate of corporate initiatives is just terrifying, and I needed something actionable. It’s a remarkably quick read—part of that Wharton Digital Press series—so you can knock it out on a short flight. Shea and Solomon focus on the idea that you can’t just tell people to change; you have to redesign the actual environment to force new behaviors. The 8 Levers framework is logical, particularly the parts about decision allocation and how information is distributed. However, I found the writing style a bit dry and clinical for my taste. It lacks the engaging narrative or storytelling juice that usually keeps me hooked on management books. To be fair, if you want a no-nonsense checklist without the fluff, this is exactly what you need. Just don't expect to be entertained while you're learning.

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Yuki

As a small business owner, I struggled to see how some of these 8 Levers would work in a company of only ten people. The authors clearly have large-scale corporate environments in mind when they talk about organizational charts and complex reward systems. That said, I still managed to glean some significant value from the chapter on information distribution and metrics. I realized that my team is often working in the dark because I haven't been transparent enough with our weekly data. The book is very practical in that sense; it gives you a plan you can actually implement tomorrow. It is definitely a quick read, which is great for a busy schedule, but the lack of storytelling makes it feel a bit like reading a textbook. A bit more personality in the writing would have gone a long way.

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William

While the 8 levers are certainly logical, I didn't find anything here that felt truly revolutionary for the field. It’s a good, solid summary of proven methods, but it feels a bit like a Greatest Hits album of management theory. The core idea is that you must change the environment to support new behavior, which is something most experienced consultants already know. Still, the book is very timely, especially for those of us navigating post-pandemic shifts in People and Information Distribution levers. To be fair, it’s a very practical read, and I came away with a few specific ideas for my current client. It just lacks that wow factor or a unique narrative voice to make it stand out from the crowd of other business books.

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Jiraporn

I've read quite a few books from the Wharton Digital Press, and they all share this incredibly brief, no-frills style. On one hand, it's great because you can finish the whole thing in about ninety minutes. On the other hand, it feels a little light on the kind of detailed storytelling that helps these concepts stick. The 8 levers of change—Organization, Task, People, etc.—are all very logical and provide a decent framework for a plan. But without more juicy examples or a bit of humor, it's a pretty dry experience. It’s better than most fluff-filled business books, but it won't change your life. If you need a quick primer on how to structure a change initiative, it’s a fine choice, but don't expect anything earth-shattering.

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Henry

Frankly, this felt like a collection of universal management rules that have been rehashed a thousand times before. I was looking for something radical or earth-shattering, but instead, I got a very brief summary of common sense. The WDP series is known for being concise, but this was almost too short to provide any real depth or nuance. It’s hard reading because it’s so dry—there are no jokes, no storytelling, just a very clinical delivery of facts. While the authors are clearly experts, the 8 levers felt like a standard systems approach rebranded for a new audience. I didn't find any juicy insights that I hadn't already seen in a dozen other LinkedIn articles or basic HR manuals. It wasn't a total waste of time, but I expected much more for the price.

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Questions about this book

Gregory P. Shea and Cassie A. Solomon argue that change is real only when behavior changes, and that people behave according to the environment they work in. Leaders should first describe the desired behavior in concrete scenes of future work, then redesign the daily setting through eight levers so the new behavior becomes the easy default. Speeches and role modeling help, but they fade when surrounding conditions stay the same.

The levers are organization, meaning structure, reporting lines and meetings; workplace design, the physical and virtual space and tools; task, the processes and standard methods; people, covering hiring and skills; rewards; measurement; information distribution; and decision allocation, meaning who decides what and when. The authors stress that the levers must point the same way, because clashes such as a reward that contradicts a measure send mixed signals and stall change.

Before launching a change, check whether you can meaningfully shift at least four of the eight levers. If you cannot, the authors advise pausing and reconsidering, because the workplace will not feel different enough for people to adopt new behavior. Charting the levers also shows whose support is required, whether human resources, information technology, facilities, or frontline staff, which tells you which group of allies to bring together first.

State your intent in one sentence, then jump ahead several years, five to ten for executives and two to four for managers, and describe that future in the present tense. Narrate from the perspective of an actual person in a key role, showing triggers, handoffs and decisions, and add props such as a sample dashboard or agenda. Repeat for other roles, keep each scene to one to four pages, and refine it through stakeholder interviews.

It suits managers, team leads, founders and HR or learning professionals responsible for making a change stick, whether a restructure, a new process or a cultural shift. It is especially useful for anyone who has seen an initiative begin with enthusiasm and then fade, since it explains why that happens and offers a test and a model to diagnose and fix it.

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Leading Successful Change

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