A Bigger Prize: How We Can Do Better Than the Competition
Margaret Heffernan
Shows that power comes from your place in other people's lives, and borrows tools from the theater to help you decide when to assert it, when to downplay it and how to step into a bigger role.

58 sec
Many people assume power belongs to someone else, to the boss, the wealthy or the person with the impressive title. In Acting with Power, Stanford business school professor Deborah Gruenfeld argues that power is simply the role you play in other people’s lives, which means everyone holds some. A driver leaving a full parking lot has it the moment another car pulls up and waits for the space.
Gruenfeld teaches power and leadership, and she borrows her toolkit from the theater. Her case is that power is a part you perform. You perform it well when you choose whether to play it up or down, and when the choice serves the people around you.
From there come practical moves: when to interrupt, when a silly costume beats a sales pitch, how to rehearse for a role that still feels too big, how to bore a bully into leaving you alone, and what the person at the top owes everyone else.
1 min 35 sec
Status, money and titles are what most people picture when they think of power. A driver pulling out of a crowded parking lot suggests that picture leaves out most of the power in your life.
1 min 28 sec
Pulling rank, interrupting and saying no can make a leader look like a bully. Gruenfeld describes when those same moves make people see you as both capable and kind.
1 min 34 sec
Two partners at a top venture capital firm first failed to win over a recruit when they leaned on their firm’s power and perks. What won her over looked ridiculous, and it shows why stepping back can be the strongest move you make.
1 min 27 sec
A promotion arrives and you still feel like your old self. Gruenfeld once faced a courtroom feeling exposed, and an old acting exercise got her through it with her composure intact.
1 min 26 sec
Sheryl Sandberg nearly turned down Google because the job seemed too minor. One piece of advice swayed her, and it reframes how to judge any offer, and how to shine in a role that isn’t the lead.
1 min 32 sec
Fear of being judged pushes new leaders to dodge hard calls or chase approval. Actors fight the same fear every night, and their remedies fit neatly into the minutes before an important meeting.
1 min 30 sec
Being targeted by someone with more power can feel like being trapped. Gruenfeld argues the target holds more cards than it seems, before, during and long after the bullying happens.
1 min 37 sec
At the summit of a group, every choice lands on everyone else. An Air Force general’s response to racist slurs shows what that responsibility looks like when it counts.
1 min 09 sec
Gruenfeld turns power from a prize that a few people win into a part everyone already plays. The driver in the parking lot, the child, the new hire offered a small seat: each one matters in someone else’s life. The skill is reading the scene. Some moments call for stepping forward: cutting off the talker, refusing the request that breaks the budget, naming the bully. Others call for stepping back, by asking for help or putting on the Toy Story costume.
Her closing advice is to be an upstander when you see power abused. Watching from the audience feels safer, but speaking up encourages others to do the same. Picture yourself as an actor on the stage and step in right then. If you can’t, offer your help afterward. And when a bigger role leaves you feeling like an impostor, borrow from the theater. Imagine how the person the role needs would behave, rehearse it, and put your attention on the people around you.
A bigger title is not required to act with power. Notice the part you already play, and play it for someone other than yourself.
Most people think power belongs to others: the boss, the rich, the person with the grand title. Deborah Gruenfeld, a Stanford business school professor who teaches power and leadership, argues that power lives in relationships. Because we all depend on each other, everyone has some control over someone else's circumstances, from a driver leaving a crowded parking lot to a child whose love a parent wants. Her angle comes from the stage. Actors know that a powerful character can be played up, with a loud voice and interruptions, or played down, by fading into the background. Gruenfeld shows how both moves work at work and at home, and when each one serves the group: asserting authority to protect others, and downplaying it to build trust, as two Sequoia Capital partners did when they turned up in Toy Story costumes. Readers also get practical help for the moments when power feels heavy. There are acting techniques for a role you don't yet feel ready for, ways to calm nerves before a high-stakes meeting, and steps for spotting and deterring bullies. For people at the top, there is a short guide to setting direction, keeping people safe and promoting others who will use power well.
New managers who don't yet feel like the boss and want to grow into the role.
Junior staff who feel powerless and want to use the influence they already have.
Leaders who want to protect their teams from bullying and promote the right people.
Deborah Gruenfeld holds the Joseph McDonald professorship at Stanford's business school, where she co-directs the Executive Program for Women Leaders. She teaches power and leadership around the world, to audiences ranging from young company founders to senior executives at large multinationals. She earned a PhD in psychology from the University of Illinois. Her research has appeared in scholarly journals as well as The Wall Street Journal and The Washington Post. She has served on the boards of the LeanIn.Org Foundation and Stanford's Center for the Advancement of Women's Leadership.
Listeners describe this book as an empowering must-read and value its high level of relevance. Feedback on the research is varied; while one listener views it as well-researched, another notes that it does not serve as an investigative text.
Finally got around to finishing this for my professional development group, and the message really hit home. Instead of viewing power as a dirty word or a tool for domination, Gruenfeld reframes it as a serious responsibility to those around us. The core idea is that we are all actors playing specific roles—whether as a boss, a parent, or a colleague—and effectiveness comes from knowing how to inhabit those roles with grace. I loved the emphasis on using your influence to serve others rather than just inflating your own ego. To be fair, some of the early sections are a bit dense with academic framing, but the payoff is worth the effort. It’s a truly empowering read that feels incredibly relevant in today’s shifting work culture where traditional hierarchy is constantly being challenged. This is a must-read for anyone who feels uncomfortable with the idea of 'authority' but still needs to lead effectively.
Show moreThis book is a total game-changer for anyone who feels like they have to 'fake it' to get ahead. Gruenfeld argues that authenticity doesn't mean staying stuck in one version of yourself, but rather learning to expand your range to meet the needs of the room. It’s an empowering perspective that turns the 'fake it till you make it' advice on its head. I found the research into how we perceive status to be incredibly well-documented and eye-opening for my own career growth. Not gonna lie, I was skeptical of the theater focus at first, but it turns out to be the perfect lens for understanding workplace hierarchy. It’s relevant, compassionate, and gives you permission to be both strong and fallible at the same time. I’ll definitely be reaching for this one again when I start my new management role next month.
Show moreWow, this really changed how I view my interactions with my team and my own supervisors. The most insightful takeaway for me was that playing 'low' isn't a sign of weakness, but a conscious choice to build connection and psychological safety. Most books on this topic are about 'crushing it' or dominating others, so this was a breath of fresh air. Gruenfeld explains that we are all fallible and powerful at the same time, and accepting that duality is where true authenticity comes from. It’s a very empowering read that makes the daunting concept of 'power' feel accessible and even kind. While it might not cover the entire spectrum of global politics, its focus on the 'room you are in' makes it incredibly practical for daily life. I’ve already recommended it to three colleagues this week.
Show moreAs someone who has always struggled with 'imposter syndrome,' this book provided a much-needed psychological toolkit. Gruenfeld uses the metaphor of the stage to explain that power isn’t a character trait we possess, but a part we play in specific social contexts. The distinction between owning your status and simply being an 'actor' helped lower my anxiety about leading big projects. I particularly enjoyed the sections on how to 'play low' to make others feel more comfortable, which is a nuance many leadership books completely ignore. Look, it’s not a perfect manual—the scope is quite narrow and doesn't dive into the messy realities of systemic inequality or political maneuvering. However, as a guide for interpersonal dynamics, it’s one of the most practical things I’ve read lately. The writing is accessible, though the first few chapters were a bit heavy on the jargon.
Show moreEver wonder why some people command the room without saying a word while others struggle to be heard? This book breaks down those invisible cues in a way that feels both scientific and actionable. I’ve read a lot of business books, and many of them are just one idea stretched over 200 pages, but this felt like it had genuine substance. The advice on respecting boundaries as a power play was particularly insightful, even if it seems simple on the surface. My only real gripe is that it feels a bit sheltered from the real-world grit of politics or money-driven power struggles. It’s very much a 'clean' look at power within a corporate or social structure. Regardless, the actionable tips on body language and vocal tone are worth the price of admission. It’s a highly relevant text for the modern office environment.
Show morePersonally, I found the core message about 'authorship' of your own storyline to be the most moving part of the book. We often feel like victims of our circumstances or our bosses, but this reminds us that we have the agency to choose how we respond. The concept of 'playing high' when you feel small is a powerful tool for self-regulation in high-stakes environments. I liked that the author didn't just give a list of 'power moves' but instead focused on the ethics of how we use our influence. Some of the theater jargon in the beginning was a bit of a slog, but once the book gets into the practical applications, it really takes off. It’s not an investigative text, but it is a deeply thoughtful one. If you want to feel more grounded in your professional identity, give this a shot.
Show moreThe chapter on the 'purpose of power' was the highlight for me, though the rest of the book was a bit hit-or-miss. It starts off a little confusingly with a lot of academic terminology that felt unnecessary for a book aimed at a general audience. Once you get past the initial hump, the theater analogies start to make a lot of sense and give you a new way to look at your daily interactions. I found myself thinking about whether I was 'playing up' or 'playing down' in my morning stand-up meetings. Truth is, it’s a solid 3-star read because while the central thesis is interesting, the book feels a bit repetitive by the halfway mark. It’s concise, which I appreciate, but I think it could have been a long-form article rather than a full book. Still, it’s worth a skim if you're interested in the performance aspect of leadership.
Show moreAfter hearing so many people rave about this in my book club, I walked away feeling a bit underwhelmed. The writing style is definitely approachable and conversational, but I struggled with how narrow the focus felt. It ignores the bigger picture—things like power in racist systems, dictatorships, or even just the raw influence of money. The author focuses almost entirely on interpersonal status and 'acting,' which is fine, but it leaves out a lot of the structural reasons why people actually have power. In my experience, you can 'act' powerful all you want, but if the system is rigged against you, these techniques only go so far. To be fair, the 'playing low' concept was a new look for me and gave me something to chew on. It's a decent read for personal development, just don't expect a sociological masterpiece.
Show moreNot what I expected given the hype surrounding the Stanford GSB connection. To be perfectly honest, most of the 'insights' here felt like Captain Obvious took a sabbatical in the theater department. We are told that we should behave differently toward our superiors than our subordinates—is that really news to anyone who has held a job for more than a week? While the concepts of 'playing high' and 'playing low' are decent enough frameworks, they don’t exactly reinvent the wheel of social psychology. The book attempts to be a deeply researched investigative text, but it often lands in the territory of trite platitudes. If you want a truly rigorous look at how power is acquired and maintained, you might be better off looking at older, more cynical classics on the subject. It’s an okay primer for someone brand new to the workforce, but for mid-career professionals, it’s mostly fluff.
Show moreFrankly, it’s hard to recommend this when books like 'Power: Why Some People Have It and Others Don’t' already exist and cover the ground so much better. I was expecting unique observations about the nature of influence, but I found the theater metaphor to be a bit of a stretch at times. The author clearly knows her stuff—she’s been at Stanford for years—but the translation from the classroom to the page feels a bit lost. Many of the anecdotes felt cherry-picked to fit the 'acting' theme rather than providing a balanced view of how power actually works in the wild. If you’re a fan of very light, 'rah-rah' style business books, you might enjoy it. But if you’re looking for something with more analytical teeth and less focus on playing roles, I’d suggest looking elsewhere.
Show moreGruenfeld argues that power means the part we play in other people’s lives, and is not something reserved for the rich or high-ranking. Because we all depend on each other, everyone has some control over someone else’s circumstances. Borrowing from the theater, she shows that power can be played up or down, and that it is used best when it serves others or a shared goal.
Playing power up means asserting authority by speaking firmly, interrupting, saying no or pulling rank. Gruenfeld says it is right when it protects the group, such as cutting off a dominant talker in a meeting. Playing power down means seeming less imposing by joking about yourself, deferring or asking for help. It builds trust, as two Sequoia Capital partners showed by meeting a recruit in Toy Story costumes.
Gruenfeld recommends acting techniques. With the Magic If exercise, drawn from Stanislavski, you imagine how the person your role requires would dress and behave, and then you act that way. Clothes and props help too. Rehearse in full detail, warm up with stretching, walking or breathing, and keep your attention on the people around you rather than on your own nerves.
Gruenfeld advises spotting likely bullies early, such as people who won’t accept no or who are harsh about others. Avoid places where abuse thrives, like private meetings or after-hours gatherings. If targeted, act unaffected or calmly call out the behavior. If abuse happens anyway, stop blaming yourself, because self-blame can make you a target again and keeps you from moving on.
It suits anyone who feels powerless at work or at home, newly promoted managers unsure of their authority, and people in supporting roles who want to make an impact. Senior leaders get guidance on setting direction, shielding people from abuse, and promoting candidates who show drive for achievement, warmth and a mature understanding of power.
Margaret Heffernan
Joseph A. Maciariello
AUDIO SUMMARY AVAILABLE
Get the key ideas from Acting with Power by Deborah Gruenfeld, plus 5,000+ more nonfiction titles.
