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13 min 59 sec
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In Praise of Walking: The new science of how we walk and why it’s good for us

A neuroscientist explains what the brain does every time you walk, and why walking more, especially outdoors and with other people, lifts your mood, frees up creative thinking and draws you closer to others.

Table of Content

If your days run from bed to car to desk to sofa, you are skipping the activity that most sets humans apart, and your brain notices. In In Praise of Walking, Trinity College Dublin neuroscientist Shane O’Mara argues that walking upright is a demanding feat of the brain, and that doing more of it pays you back.

His evidence runs from a sea creature that digests its own brain once it stops moving to a mathematician who carved a discovery into a Dublin bridge. The argument holds together simply. Our brains were built around walking, so a life with too little of it leaves us glummer and duller, and a little more of it, ideally outdoors and in company, turns much of that around.

Along the way you get a working picture of the map your brain draws as you move, a way to free up a stuck problem, and a short test for judging whether your own streets help or hinder you.

One small sea creature gives up its brain the day it stops traveling. Its odd life story points to how much hidden work goes into every step you take, and what goes unused when you stop.

A man crosses a huge city on foot, through districts he has never seen, with no map and no phone, and gets home. Researchers are only now working out what inside his head made that possible.

Staying indoors all day does more than make you stiff. Researchers have tracked changes in personality, mood and even brain cells, and a simple walk by a river in Canada showed which way to lean.

A Dublin mathematician stuck on a problem found his answer halfway across a bridge and scratched it into the stone. Poets and philosophers report the same thing, and brain science suggests why it keeps happening.

Walkers fall into step with each other without ever deciding to. Behind that small habit sits a brain skill robots still lack, and a set of findings about loneliness, children and crowds.

Cities are filling up fast, and most have been shaped around cars. O’Mara offers a four-letter test for any street, and a provocative view of who should be designing them in the first place.

The sea squirt and Sir William Rowan Hamilton sit at opposite ends of O’Mara’s argument. One stopped moving and gave up its brain. The other kept walking and found an equation on a Dublin bridge. Between them lies the book’s case. Walking upright is a hard-won human skill, run by balance systems, an inner map and rhythms in the spine, and when we use it, mood lifts, ideas loosen and people draw closer. When we don’t, even our personalities drift toward the grumpy.

What to do follows directly. Get outside for some of your walking each week, and choose the river over the tunnel when you have the option. When a problem will not give way, leave the desk and walk on it with your mind free to roam. Ask someone to walk with you instead of sitting down together. And look at your streets through the EASE test, because the places we build decide how easy all of this is.

Hippocrates called walking the best medicine. O’Mara’s science suggests that undersells it: walking is also how a human brain stays fit for the work it was built to do.

About this book

What is this book about?

Most of us now spend our days going from bed to car to desk to sofa, and almost never walking. Shane O'Mara, a neuroscientist at Trinity College Dublin, argues that this costs us more than fitness. Walking upright on two legs is one of the things that makes us human, and our brains do a great deal of work to make it possible. O'Mara starts with the brain's machinery: the balance system that keeps us upright, the rhythm generators in the spinal cord, and the place cells and head-direction cells that work together like an internal GPS. From there he gathers evidence that walking, especially outdoors and in green places, steadies mood, helps the brain grow new cells, and puts the mind in the loose but focused state where creative ideas tend to arrive. He also shows how deeply social walking is. The book also turns its attention to cities. O'Mara argues that urban planning has favored cars over people, and he offers a simple test for judging whether a street or neighborhood makes walking easy. Readers come away knowing why a walk helps and how to use one on purpose.

Book Information

Rating:

Genre:

Health & Nutrition, Science

Topics:

Brain Health, Human Nature, Neuroscience

Publisher:

Penguin Random House

Language:

English

Narrator:

Jenna

First published:

June 13, 2019

Pages:

218

Length:

13 min 59 sec

Get the book:

Amazon

Who it's for

  • Tired desk workers

    Desk workers who end long indoor days tired, irritable and short of fresh ideas.

  • Feeling low or isolated

    Anyone feeling low or isolated who wants a simple, evidence-based habit to lean on.

  • Curious about urban design

    Readers curious about urban design and how neighborhoods shape health and connection.

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About the Author

Shane O'Mara

Shane O'Mara is an Irish neuroscientist and professor of experimental brain research at Trinity College Dublin, where he is a Fellow. He trained at the National University of Ireland, Galway, and earned a DPhil at Oxford. His research covers learning, memory, cognition and decision-making, and how stress, anxiety, depression and motivation affect the brain. He has led work at the college's Institute of Neuroscience and was a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator. He also wrote Why Torture Doesn't Work and A Brain for Business.

Ratings & Reviews

Ratings at a glance

4.5

Overall score based on 586 ratings.

What people think

Listeners find that although reactions are mixed concerning the book’s academic style and its lack of insight on safety for women, many value the thorough research into the neurobiology of human motion. Furthermore, the author’s exploration of bipedalism’s evolutionary roots is highly regarded, with one listener highlighting the captivating description of the brain acting as an "internal GPS" to maintain direction and balance. They also note that the work provides persuasive scientific evidence for the psychological benefits of walking, demonstrating how it can spark creativity and serve as a tool for clarity. Additionally, the "sea squirt" analogy remains a memorable example for listeners of the essential link between physical activity and a healthy brain.

Top reviews

Arjun

Wow. This was exactly the kind of deep dive I was looking for. As an avid walker, I always knew it made me feel better, but O’Mara provides the actual 'why' behind that feeling. The explanation of the brain as an internal GPS that constantly recalibrates our position to keep us balanced was absolutely mind-blowing. I loved how the book connected our evolutionary past—starting with those first bipedal ancestors—to our current mental well-being. It’s not just a health book; it’s a celebration of what makes us human. Despite what some other reviewers said, I found the technical details about brain plasticity and mood regulation to be the best part. It’s empowering to know that something as simple as a brisk walk can have such profound effects on our intelligence and longevity.

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Narut

Finally, a book that gives walking the credit it deserves! O’Mara’s research into the link between movement and mental health is nothing short of brilliant. I was captivated by the idea of 'peripatetic' thinking—how the rhythm of our feet actually facilitates the rhythm of our thoughts. The book is a beautiful blend of neuroscience, history, and social commentary. It makes you want to lace up your shoes and go for a long stroll through the nearest park immediately. While it does dive deep into the biology, I found it accessible enough to follow, and the insights into how walking fosters social connection were particularly moving. This should be mandatory reading for urban planners and anyone interested in living a more vibrant, connected life. It’s truly a life-affirming read.

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Jiraporn

Ever wonder why you get your best ideas while pacing around the room? O’Mara does a fantastic job of explaining the cognitive mechanics behind that 'aha!' moment. As someone who struggles with a sedentary office job, I found the evidence linking physical movement to increased creativity and brain health to be incredibly convicting. The book goes deep into how walking acts as a natural antidepressant and helps prevent the mental decline associated with aging. While it does get a bit 'wordy' in the middle sections regarding brain anatomy, the overall message is powerful. It’s scientific proof that our bodies and minds were built to move in tandem. It’s certainly changed the way I view my daily commute—now I see it as a brain-boosting session rather than a chore.

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Arnav

Picked this up during a bit of a reading slump and found it surprisingly engaging. The author’s perspective on how bipedalism literally shaped the human brain is fascinating. He explains how our ability to walk upright freed our hands and changed our social structures in ways I’d never considered. I especially enjoyed the discussion on 'path integration' and how our brains navigate complex environments without even needing a map. My only real gripe is that it can be a bit rambling in places, and some of the data points feel like they’re being repeated just to fill space. Still, for anyone interested in the intersection of biology and daily habit, this is a very worthwhile read. It makes a compelling case for reclaiming our cities from motorized traffic.

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Sara

Frankly, I needed the scientific kick in the pants this book provided. We all know walking is 'good,' but understanding the neurochemistry behind why it works—the dopamine, the hippocampal growth, the structural changes—makes it much easier to stay motivated. O’Mara writes with a clear passion for the subject, even if he occasionally gets lost in the weeds of experimental data. I particularly liked the updated foreword about how COVID-19 impacted our social walking habits and what that loss of 'inadvertent touch' did to our collective psyche. It’s a smart, well-researched book that bridges the gap between hard science and lifestyle advice. It’s not a light read, but it’s an important one for anyone living in our increasingly sedentary modern world.

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Charlotte

The sea squirt analogy is something that will stick with me forever—the idea that if you stop moving, your brain becomes redundant is a terrifyingly effective motivator. This book provides some solid scientific evidence for why we feel so much clearer after a stroll, and I appreciated the 'internal GPS' explanation regarding how our brains maintain balance. However, the tone fluctuates wildly between fascinating evolutionary history and incredibly dry descriptions of neural pathways that feel like they belong in a medical journal. It’s a bit of a mixed bag; some chapters fly by while others are a total grind. I’d recommend it for the insights into creativity and mental health, but be prepared to skim the more technical, receptor-heavy sections if you aren't a scientist.

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Aisha

After hearing so much buzz about this, I finally got around to reading it, and I’m torn. On one hand, the sections on urban planning were quite eye-opening; O’Mara makes a great case for why our cities need to be designed for people rather than just cars. On the other hand, the book feels quite repetitive and lacks a certain 'spark' in the writing. He spends a lot of time on the mechanics of how we walk without really diving into the joy of it as much as I’d hoped. It’s very much a scientist’s view—analytical and detached. It’s a decent read if you want the data to back up your habits, but don’t expect a lyrical or particularly inspiring tribute to the act of walking itself.

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Roongsak

Look, I wanted to love this because I’m a dedicated hiker, but it was just so incredibly dense. I expected a 'popular science' book, yet I felt like I was back in a graduate-level neurobiology lecture I didn’t sign up for. O’Mara goes on forever about specific receptors and hippocampal place cells, making it feel like a slog rather than an engaging read. The core message is literally just 'walking is good for you,' which we all know, but the delivery is so rambling and wordy that it loses the plot. To be fair, the research is obviously thorough, but the accessibility is zero for a casual reader. I had to force myself through the final chapters just to say I finished it. It really defeats the purpose of the genre when it’s this much hard work.

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Cholada

Is it possible for a book about movement to feel this stagnant? The writing style is quite repetitive, and I found my mind wandering more than my feet ever did while reading it. While the author is clearly an expert, he lacks the storytelling ability of someone like Bill Bryson or Oliver Sacks. The 'technical' sections about our genetic ancestors and the transition to bipedalism were okay, but they were buried under mountains of dry data. I honestly felt like I was reading a textbook at times. The conclusion is basically 'walk more to feel better,' which is great, but did it really need 200+ pages of academic jargon to get there? If you’re not a science nerd, you might find this one a bit of a chore to get through.

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Kom

This book left a bitter taste in my mouth, primarily because of how blatantly it ignores the reality of being a woman in a city. While O’Mara waxes poetic about the 'social benefits' of urban strolling and praises sites like Central Park, he completely bypasses the safety concerns that dictate where and when half the population can actually walk. There is a glaring lack of discussion regarding street lighting, harassment, or the simple fear of being followed in those very underpasses he wants to make 'pedestrian friendly.' To claim walking is this universal panacea without acknowledging the structural dangers for women is a massive oversight. It’s a classic example of male-centric science that looks at data points while ignoring lived experiences. I found it incredibly frustrating and ultimately out of touch with modern urban life.

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Questions about this book

Shane O’Mara argues that walking upright on two legs is a complex brain achievement and central to being human. Because our brains are built around movement, walking more, especially outdoors and with others, improves mood, supports memory and learning, encourages creative thinking and strengthens social ties. He also argues that cities should be designed for walkers, not mainly for traffic.

O’Mara describes two brain modes: an active mode focused on a detailed task, and a default mode where the mind wanders through memories. Creativity seems to arise when both run together, and walking encourages that by engaging the area around the hippocampus, which handles both navigation and memory. He calls this state active idleness. It helps with problems that need new ideas, not with routine calculation.

The book suggests it is. In a study in Ottawa, Canada, people walked the same distance either beside a river or through a tunnel, and the riverside group rated their mood clearly higher afterward. A UK study found that time in green spaces or countryside left people feeling mentally restored. O’Mara’s advice is to walk outside when you can, and the greener the route, the better.

O’Mara points to daily needs like shops and schools within walking distance, routes that are comfortable, safe and interesting, plenty of green space, and crossings that older people can manage easily. He sums it up as EASE: Easy to walk, Accessible, Safe and Enjoyable. He notes economic gains too, since easy access to shops and offices brings more activity.

When you are stuck on a problem, step away and walk with your mind free to wander instead of forcing an answer at your desk. Choose outdoor, green routes for your walks. Turn coffees or calls into walks with someone. When choosing where to live, check the area against O’Mara’s EASE test to see how easily walking will fit into your days.

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