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Enemies and Neighbors: Arabs and Jews in Palestine and Israel, 1917-2017

A balanced history of a century of Arabs and Jews in Palestine and Israel. It shows how each turning point after 1917 turned one people's gain into the other's loss, and why repeated peace efforts collapsed.

Table of Content

Most news about Israel and Palestine arrives as a single explosion with no history attached, which makes it hard to judge. In Enemies and Neighbors, the late Guardian Middle East editor Ian Black traces the conflict back to the 1880s. Back then, small Jewish farming colonies relied on Arab workers until, as immigrants multiplied, they stopped needing them. From that first separation, Black follows a century in which nearly every gain for one people registered as a loss for the other.

Chances at coexistence did come, in 1937, in 1988 and at Oslo in 1993. Each was undone by mistrust, by lopsided terms and by people on both sides who wanted no compromise. Seven turning points carry the story here. With them, the next headline lands on a map you already hold, and you can explain why the two peoples remember the same years so differently.

The conflict is usually dated to wars and declarations, but its first fault line opened in fields and orchards decades earlier. Knowing where it started changes how the later violence looks.

Long before the United Nations drew its lines, a British commission proposed two states. One side hesitated and accepted; the other refused. What followed shows how much a single refusal can cost.

One people celebrates the same year the other mourns, and both are remembering real events. Here is what actually happened between the UN vote and the armistice, and why it still divides memory.

In six days Israel tripled its territory and seemed to settle the question for good. Instead, a lost battle the following spring turned an underground leader into a hero across the Arab world.

A traffic accident in Gaza set off an uprising led by teenagers, and within a year an exiled leadership was saying things it had refused to say for decades. Not everyone welcomed the change.

A handshake on the White House lawn made mutual recognition real for the first time. Within seven years the hope behind it was gone, and the fatal blows did not come only from the expected direction.

The world asked Palestinians to vote, then recoiled at the winner. The years that followed produced the wars most people now picture when they hear the word Gaza, and a few stubborn signs of hope.

Black’s century belongs to two peoples whose hopes grew in the same small space, so that one side’s rise was felt as the other’s loss. It runs from Arab farmhands in the 1880s to the flattened streets of Gaza. Over those decades Israel became wealthier, more self-assured and more right-wing, whereas the politics of the Palestinians fragmented and a religious nationalism opposed to compromise gathered strength. Oslo promised peace and deepened the divide.

What the book offers is proportion. When someone argues about this conflict, ask which year they start from, because 1929, 1948, 1967 and 1993 each tell a different story about who wronged whom. Remember that the two peoples have different names for the same events, independence and Nakba, victory and naksa, and that both names describe something real. And notice where Black finds hope: in schools where Israeli and Arab children learn side by side, and in people still willing to imagine a shared future.

The conflict endures. So does the banner on a bombed building in Jerusalem, refusing to call the neighbors enemies.

About this book

What is this book about?

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict usually reaches us as a single explosion, a war or an attack, with no history attached. Ian Black, a longtime Middle East correspondent and editor, sets out to supply that history, following Arabs and Jews in Palestine and Israel from the British conquest of 1917 across a full century. His starting point lies earlier than most people expect: the Jewish farming colonies of the 1880s, which first depended on Arab labor and then stopped needing it. From there Black traces a pattern that repeats through the 1929 riots, the Arab revolt of the 1930s, the war of 1948, the Six-Day War, two intifadas, the Oslo Accords and the Gaza wars. One side's advance is felt as the other's loss, and every serious chance at compromise is undone by mistrust, uneven terms and violence from those who want no deal. Black writes without taking sides. He explains why the same years carry different names for each people, independence and catastrophe, victory and setback. Readers get a clear map of the century, a sense of proportion when they hear arguments about the conflict, and an eye for the small groups who still refuse to be enemies.

Book Information

Rating:

Genre:

History, Politics & Current Affairs

Topics:

Geopolitics, War

Publisher:

Grove Atlantic

Language:

English

Narrator:

Caleb

First published:

November 1, 2017

Pages:

640

Length:

16 min 04 sec

Get the book:

Amazon

Who it's for

  • Middle East news followers

    Readers who follow Middle East news but lack the history behind each new crisis.

  • Professionals and students

    Students and professionals who want a balanced account of Arabs and Jews in Palestine and Israel from 1917 onward.

  • Participants in conflict debates

    Anyone drawn into arguments about the conflict who wants to understand both sides' memories.

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About the Author

Ian Black

Ian Black (1953 to 2023) was a British journalist and author who wrote about international politics. At the Guardian he worked as Jerusalem correspondent, Middle East editor and diplomatic editor, so he covered the region closely for many years. Reviewers praised Enemies and Neighbors for its balance, and he was widely respected for reporting on the Arab-Israeli conflict without taking sides.

Ratings & Reviews

Ratings at a glance

4.5

Overall score based on 1200 ratings.

What people think

Listeners find the work extensively documented and skillfully composed, moving at a solid pace while shedding light on the struggle. Furthermore, the political subject matter is well-received; one listener points out that it delivers a superb survey of the political maneuvers. The text also champions the Palestinian side while maintaining a fair outlook. On the other hand, views vary on its readability and neutrality, as some consider it excellent while others characterize it as biased and unreadable.

Top reviews

Mo

Ian Black has accomplished something truly monumental here by condensing a century of heartbreak into a single, readable volume. The book tracks the conflict from the 1917 Balfour Declaration all the way to the 2017 era of Trump, providing a necessary perspective on how we reached this current deadlock. I was particularly struck by the inclusion of personal voices from both sides, which adds a layer of humanity often lost in dry political textbooks. The pacing is excellent for a 500-page history. Every chapter feels vital. It is a depressing journey, sure, but a necessary one for anyone who wants to understand the 'irrepressible conflict' mentioned in the Peel Commission report. This isn't just about dates; it’s about the soul of two peoples claiming the same small patch of earth.

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Ten

Detailed, sprawling, and deeply sobering. Black perfectly captures that famous Arthur Koestler quote about one nation promising the land of a third to a second. The way he weaves together the 1937 Peel Report, the Oslo Accords, and the rise of the Likud party is masterful. I’ve read a lot on this subject, but the nuances of Arafat’s leadership and the shifting Israeli security mindset were explained here with fresh clarity. It is hard to read about the suicide bombings of the early 2000s followed immediately by the construction of the separation wall, yet Black handles these volatile topics with a steady hand. Is it biased? Perhaps slightly, but in a conflict this polarized, every 'fact' is a battleground. This is as close to a comprehensive overview as you are likely to find.

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Prinya

As someone who has struggled to find a single-volume history that feels complete, this is a godsend for any serious student of the region. Black manages to be both a meticulous historian and a compelling storyteller, which is a rare feat in this genre. He doesn't shy away from the 'horrors of the ongoing occupation,' nor does he ignore the internal divisions within both the Palestinian and Israeli camps. The way he juxtaposes the rhetoric of the Balfour Declaration with the reality of the 1948 Nakba is particularly powerful. Personally, I think the book is balanced because it makes everyone feel a little bit uncomfortable. It forces you to confront the reality that there is no easy solution and that both sides have valid reasons for their mutual mistrust. A triumph of reporting.

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Krisada

Finally, a comprehensive look at the region that doesn't shy away from the gritty political details or the human cost of a hundred-year war. Black’s ability to jump from the high-level diplomacy of the UN to the donkey carts of Gaza is what makes this book special. He captures the 'implacable hideous inevitability' of the conflict perfectly. I was especially impressed with the later chapters covering the 2014 Gaza war and the shift in international perception of the conflict. The book is heavily documented, yet it moves with the pace of a thriller, even when you already know the tragic ending. It’s an authoritative, sobering, and brilliantly executed history that should be required reading for anyone interested in why peace remains so elusive.

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Fatima

Picked this up after seeing it on a few 'must-read' lists for the Middle East, and I was mostly impressed. The level of detail regarding the British Mandate period and the subsequent 1948 and 1967 wars is staggering. Black does a fine job illustrating the political machinations of the UK and the US without losing sight of the people on the ground. My only minor gripe is that the book can feel a bit like a dense listing of facts at times, which might slow down casual readers. Still, the scholarship is evident on every page. It provides a much-needed counter-narrative to the simplified versions of this history we often get in the West. If you want a deep dive into the complexities of the occupation and the failure of the peace process, this is your book.

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Gift

How do you even begin to summarize a century of bloodshed and broken promises? Black attempts it by focusing on the 'neighbors' aspect—the proximity that makes the enmity so much more intimate and painful. The book shines when it analyzes the 1990s peace process and why it ultimately collapsed into the tragedy of the Second Intifada. Frankly, I found the earlier chapters on the Ottoman period and early Jewish immigration to be the most enlightening, as they set the stage for everything that followed. Some might find his critiques of Israeli policy harsh, but he backs his assertions with a wealth of primary sources. It’s an essential, if exhausting, read that successfully illuminates the political maneuvers that have kept this region in a state of perpetual war.

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Pranee

The sheer depth of research in these 600-odd pages is staggering, yet the prose remains surprisingly accessible. I appreciated how Black didn't just focus on the 'great men' of history like Ben-Gurion or Arafat, but also looked at how ordinary citizens perceived the changing landscape. The chapter on the 1967 war and its aftermath was particularly illuminating for me. It shows how the occupation transformed from a temporary measure into a permanent, suffocating reality. While I think he could have spent more time on the internal Jewish debates regarding security and survival, the book still feels like a massive achievement. It’s a dense, challenging work that demands your full attention, but the payoff is a much more sophisticated understanding of the news today.

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Narongrit

After hearing so much about the 'impartiality' of this book, I had to see for myself if it lived up to the hype. It mostly does. Black provides a gritty, unvarnished look at the 1980s and 90s, particularly the rise of Hamas and the tragic failure of the Oslo Accords. His description of the 'logic' behind the violence on both sides is chilling. One moment you're reading about the Deir Yassin massacre, and the next, you're looking at the retaliatory strikes that have defined the last twenty years. The book ends on a very pessimistic note in 2017, which feels entirely appropriate given the current state of affairs. It’s not an easy read by any means, but it’s an important one for anyone tired of the superficial takes often found on social media.

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Bae

Look, I really wanted to like this more given the high praise it receives in academic circles. While the writing is undeniably fluid and the historical structure is easy to follow, the author’s background as a Guardian writer seems to bleed through the pages. I was seeking a truly neutral analysis, but this felt tilted toward the Palestinian narrative at the expense of Jewish historical context. For example, the roots of Zionism are framed more as colonial nostalgia than a desperate flight from European pogroms. To be fair, the research is expansive and the documentation is top-notch. However, the emotional weight is distributed unevenly, making it a frustrating read for anyone hoping for a perfectly balanced scale. It’s a good book, just not the definitive, unbiased account it claims to be.

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Cooper

To be fair, the prose is elegant and the timeline is exceptionally well-organized, but I couldn't shake the feeling of a distinct narrative slant. The author seems to humanize the Palestinian 'martyrs' with vivid personal details while often reducing Israeli casualties to mere statistics. For instance, the descriptions of the 2003 Haifa restaurant bombing felt strangely clinical compared to the evocative stories of Palestinian families losing their land. It’s a shame, because the political analysis of the 1930s and 40s is actually quite brilliant. If you read this alongside something like 'My Promised Land' by Ari Shavit, you’ll get a better-rounded picture. On its own, it feels like a very well-written piece of advocacy disguised as a neutral history. Useful, but read it with a critical eye.

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Questions about this book

It is a history of Arabs and Jews in Palestine and Israel from the British conquest in 1917 across a century. Black traces the conflict back to Jewish farming colonies of the 1880s and follows it through the 1929 riots, the 1930s revolt, the 1948 war, the Six-Day War, two intifadas, the Oslo Accords and the Gaza wars, showing how efforts at coexistence kept failing.

Reviewers noted its balance, and Ian Black was widely seen as able to cover the Arab-Israeli conflict without taking sides. He records Jewish and Arab casualties alike, presents disputed questions such as Plan D in 1948 as disputed, and explains why Israelis and Palestinians give the same events different names, such as independence and Nakba.

Black stresses that the 1993 deal was lopsided. Israel won instant recognition from the PLO along with a promise to end armed struggle, but the Palestinians received only limited self-rule, with no say over settlers, borders or their own economy. Opponents on both sides attacked it: Hamas rejected it, an Israeli law student assassinated Yitzhak Rabin in 1995, Hamas bombings followed, and Ariel Sharon’s visit to the Temple Mount in 2000 set off the Second Intifada.

After studying the Arab revolt of the 1930s, the Peel Commission concluded the two national movements could not be reconciled and proposed partition in 1937. A Jewish state would take about a quarter of the country, an Arab state the rest, and Jerusalem would stay under British control. Zionist leaders accepted it as a foothold, while the Arab Higher Committee rejected it outright.

It gives the history behind recurring patterns: uneven deals, deliberate provocations, spoilers on both sides and divided leadership. It also explains how Hamas came to control Gaza after the 2006 elections and the split with Mahmoud Abbas. When a new crisis begins, you can ask which earlier year each side is starting from and which old pattern is repeating.

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Enemies and Neighbors

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